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Pharmacology Block 3 > Week 17 Drugs > Flashcards

Week 17 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Lithium

A 
Anti-manic agent
(X) mania of bipolar, aggression 
(-) fatigue, tremor, GI, ataxia
(O) ^ Na+ excretion= ^^ Li
-- thiazide diruetics, ACEinhib, Angiotensin II-R blockers) 
(O) pregnancy?
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2
Q

Carbamazepine

A 
Anti-Seizure/Anti-manic
---/Na channels in CNS
(X) mania of bipolar
(-) sedation, confusion, ataxia 
(O) pregnancy> spina bifida
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3
Q

Divalproex

“Valproic Acid”

A

Anti-Seizure /Anti-manic
#1 line for bipolar
–/ repetitive neuronal firing (–/T type Ca++ channels, ^^GABA)
(X) mania of bipolar
(-) GI, weight gain, hair loss, heptatotoxicity
(O) prenancy> spina bifida

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4
Q

Buspirone

A

Anxio-lytic
–>+5HT.1A–/ AC and ^^ K+ flow
(X) GAD (1-2 week onset)

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5
Q

Diazepam

A

Hypnotic, Anxiolytic -BDZ
—>+GABA (quick,LONG duration)
(X) anti-anxiety, sedative/insomnia, muscle spasm
(-) CNS depression, dependence

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6
Q

Alprazolam

A 
Anti-anxiety-BDZ
-->+GABA (short duration)
(X) anti- anxiety, anti-panic
(-) forebrain depression 
dependence
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7
Q

Zolpidem

A 
Hypnotic -NON- BDZ
bind BDZ-R--> GABA (LONG duration)
(X) insomnia
(-) daytime sedation, tolerance
(+) preserve stage 3,4 and most REM
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8
Q

Flurazepam

A

Hypnotic-BDZ
—> GABA (rapid onset, long duration)
(X) insomnia

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9
Q

Lorazepam

A

Hypnotic, Anxiolytic-BDZ
Slower onset, LONGER duration
(X) antianxiety, insomnia

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10
Q

Chloral Hydrate

A

Hypnotic
~ to barbiturate GABA.A Cl channel–>+ ^GABA signaling
(X) insomnia
(+) less effect on sleep stages

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11
Q

Pentobarbital

A

Hypnotic -Barbiturate

(X) insomnia, induction of anesthesia, anti-convulsant

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12
Q

Baclofen

A

Muscle Relaxant
GABAmimetic–>GABA.B-R= presynaptic inhibition
(X) muscle spasm
(-/+) less sedation than diazepam

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13
Q

Tizanidine

A

Muscle Relaxant
alpha-2 adrenergic agonist: enhance pre and postsynaptic inhibition
(X) muscle spasm
(-) sedation, hypotension, dry mouth, weakness
(O) CYP1A2 inhibitors

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14
Q

Flumazenil

A

BZD-R Antagonist

(X) toxicity of BZD’s

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15
Q

Chloro-diazepoxide

A

BZD- “tapper off”
(X) alcohol withdrawal
prevent seizure, delirium, arrhythmia
(Diazepam too!)

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16
Q

naltrexone

A

mu-Opioid-R Antagonist
(X) tx of alcoholism - reduce craving
- pair with psychotherapy

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17
Q

Acamprosate

A

GABA.A-R Activator
(X) Tx of alcoholism- reduce drinking frequency
- normalize dysregulation of excitatory NT
(-) diarrhea

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18
Q

Disulfiram

A

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor
(X) tx of alcoholism via inducing acetaldehyde syndrome
(-) requires ^^^will-power

19
Q

Caffeine

A

CNS stimulant - Methylxanthine
–competitive antagonist of adenosine-R
(X) stay awake, ^ alertness, reduce fatigue, headache (cerebral constrict)
(-) nervousness, restlessness, tremor, *convulsions
(-) physical dependence

20
Q

Cocaine

A

CNS stimulant- weak base
–/ reuptake of NE, DA, 5HT
(X) nasal surgery, local vasoconstrict anesthetic
(-) neurotoxicologic effect: damage DA neurons
(-) seizures with overdose
(O) teratogenic

21
Q

Amphetamine

A

Amphetamine-like drugs
weak base
1. ^ release of NE, DA, 5HT
2. inhibit reuptake
3. –/MAO
4. partial agonist of alpha-adrenergic-R
(X) alertness, speed, ^ performance, reduce appetite, resp stimulation
(X) narcolepsy
(X) ADHD
(-) insomnia, abdn pain, anorexia/weight loss, suppression of growth, fever, convusions

22
Q

Methamphetamine

A

Amphetamine-like drugs
DRUG OF ABUSE
^^ CNS effect and bioavailability
(X) meth mouth: severe tooth decay; dry mouth, poor hygiene, ^ sugared drink, teeth clenching

23
Q

Methylphenidate

A

Amphetamine-like drugs
^ NE in reticular activating system (RAS) - direct attn
(X) ADHD

24
Q

Nicotine

A

CNS stimulant- Tobacco
HIGHEST abuse potential
agonist of nicotninic cholinergic-R (SNS–> ^ Epi/ PNS–> GI motility, nausea)
(-) dependency: DA in na
-tachyphylaxis- tolerance over short period of time

25
Q

Buproprion

A

(X) tx of nicotine dependence
–enhance NE and DA signaling
(-) dry mouth, insomnia
(+) reduce craving and withdrawal

26
Q

Varenicline

A

(X) tx of nicotine dependence
-partial agonist of CNS nicotinic-R
(-) nausea, headache, insomnia, constipation, depression and suicidal thoughts
(+) activates NACh-R alone, reduces response to actual N

27
Q

B-Endorphin
Dynorphin
Enkephalin

A

B-Endorphin» Mu-R
Dynorphin» Kappa-R
Enkephalin» Delta-R

28
Q

Morphine

A

Opioid Agonist-Mu R
Inject>Oral- low potency orally
(X)4-5hr analgesia
(-)

29
Q

Fentanyl

A

Opioid Agonist-Mu R
100x more potent than morphine
Inject, transdermal
(X) short acting 1-1.5hr analgesia, conscious sedation or anesthesia for procedures

30
Q

Methadone

A

Opioid Agonist-Mu R
~ morphine, good oral F
longer analgesia>morph
(X) tx opioid abuse, chronic pain

31
Q

Meperidine

A

Opioid Agonist
(X) shorter duration analgesic
(-) toxic metabolite (normeperidine)
(O)MAOI intxn

32
Q

Heroin

A

Opioid Agonist
converted to active >morphine
MORE lipophilic
(X) HIGH abyue potential

33
Q

Codeine

A

Opioid Agonist~ oxycodone
xNO morphine-like analgesia
(X) mild/mod pain
+aspirin or acetaminophen

34
Q

Oxycodone

A

Opioid Agonist ~ codeine
(X) mod/severe pain
(/) abuse of sustained release

35
Q

Hydrocodone

A

Opioid Agonist
(X) mod/severe pain
+NSAID or acetaminophen

36
Q

Hydromorphone

A

Opioid Agonist

2-3x potent> morphine

37
Q

Nalbuphine

A 
mixed action opioid agonist/ant
Mu-ant, kappa-ag
~morphine
injection 
(X) precipitate withdrawal of opioid-dependence
38
Q

Buprenorphine

A 
Mixed action opioid agonist/ant
partial Mu-ag
25-50x potent>morphine
(X) mod,severe pain
transdermal patch
(X)+ naloxone= suboxone, tx of opioid dependence
39
Q

Naloxone

A 
Opioid Mu-R antagonist 
parenteral>oral 
(X) treat opioid overdose
(X)+ buprenorphine=suboxone: tx of opioid abuse
short t 1/2
40
Q

Naltrexone

A

Opioid Antagonist
(X) tx of opioid abuse
oral
long t 1/2

41
Q

Tramadol

A

weak Opioid Mu-R agonist
—/ NE and 5HT reuptake
(X) mild/mod pain

42
Q

Dextromethorphan

A

(X) Anti-tussive

-NMDA-R antagonist

43
Q

Suboxone

A

Opioid antagonist/mixed
= buprenorphine (mixed)+ naloxone (mu-ant)
(X) tx of opioid abuse

Pharmacology Block 3 (9 decks)

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