Week 18 PowerPoint (Media and Tech) Flashcards
What is media?
Latin word mediua (middle) refers to technological processes that facilitate
communication between a sender and a receiver
Mass Media
ONE to MANY
One source sends messages to many people.
- Sends messages from one source to many people (e.g., TV, radio, books, movies, magazines, etc.)
- Traditionally ONE-DIRECTIONAL communication (sender determines the message and others simply receive it)
THE PRINTING PRESS
The start of mass media
Originally invented in China in 1401, but became popularized in Europe in 1450 with The Gutenberg Press
*Significant effects on society:
- Mass production of the bible for the
first time - Opened massive communication
channel - Led to a rise in individualism
- people became less reliant on elites for information
*Printing press fundamentally changed communication for all of society
MASS MEDIA & CORPORATE CONCENTRATION
Corporate concentration of media ownership – meaning mass media is increasingly owned and controlled by fewer huge media corporations
- Often results in fewer viewpoints being expressed & specific media “agendas” being pushed
- Relates to Mills’ The Power Elite
Results in fewer viewpoints being expressed in media
- fewer media agendas being pushed
Corporate concentration & Mass media diversity
Corporate concentration
of mass media affects
media diversity in two
key ways:
- idea diversity – the range of viewpoints expressed in the media marketplace of ideas *Elites can create views that reflect their interests, socializing with people according to these interests
*Black Lives Matter changed from a violent group to an important group after George Floyd’s death > increased diversity of viewpoints from activists
*corporations willing to shift viewpoints according to what is popular and profitable.
Demographic diversity – how the media addresses and represents interests from a diversity of people with a variety of identities and backgrounds
- impact on children’s self-esteem
- in accordance with role models who look like them
*the Oscars are so white call out
*Backlash - not my Ariel mermaid
Dem diversity increasing, not without backlash though
SCHEMAS IN ADVERTISING
(MAUMANN & HO
2014)
- White Nostalgia
- White Natural
- White Highbrow
- White Nuclear Family
- Black Blue Collar
- Asian Technocrat
NEW MEDIA
accessible on demand, digital, interactive, encouraging user comments and feedback
- whenever, wherever you want
- can be interactive
*Podcasts
*Live streams
*Social Media
*Buzzfeed
*Omegle
SOCIAL MEDIA
6 Types of Social Media (Kaplan & Haenlein 2010)
SOCIAL MEDIA – a type of new media allowing for the creation and online sharing of information in communities and networks
6 Types of Social Media (Kaplan & Haenlein 2010)
Collaborative projects
Wikipedia
Blogs and microblogs
Tumblr and X
Content communities
Twitch
Reddit
Tiktok
Instagram
Social networking sites
Facebook
Linked in
Instagram
Virtual game worlds
Clash
Warcraft
Virtual social world
Minecraft
roadblocks
Effects of new media
- most romantic connections formed online
- keeping up with family and friends
- public content
- following current events/ getting news
Younger people are affected most because more screen time and more modes of social media use
Leads to
- lack of sleep
- Trouble concentrating
- less physical activity
- anxiety/depression
- frustrated/angry/envious
alternative media
(alternative to mass media)
alternative information to mainstream media in a given context
(e.g., blogs, websites, community- or student-run newspapers, public broadcasting radio, etc.)
Defined by four characteristics:
- Message is not corporately controlled or
based on a profit motive - The message’s content tends to be anti-establishment and change-centered
*often critiques mainstream media
ex. New York Times on blm vs lesser-known media - Distributed in a creative way
*colours
*heading
*fonts
*imaging - TWO-WAY relationship between producer and
consumer
*consumers comment and shape media they consume from alternative media outlets
OFTEN DEMOCRATIC and collaborative
MEDIA & SOCIALIZATION
J. A. Arnett (1995) – Adolescents Use of Media for Self- Socialization
Five main uses of media for adolescents:
1. Entertainment
- music, tv, tiktok, youtube
- Identity formation
- cultivate own values, abilities and how you perceive yourself
- provide materials for adolescents to use to construct identities
- political knowledge and ideas - High sensation
- appeals to adolescence
- action films, shows, FPS video games, heavy metal - Coping
- relieve or dispell negative emotion
- music, tv, comedy, podcasts, audiobooks - Youth culture identification
- not only ones own identity but make them feel membership within certain sub group
- facilitates connections
- cosplay
- drag community
- metal heads
Surveillance
Parenti aims to provoke a deeper
examination of what it means for a society
to be so thoroughly monitored, and what
this means for social change and politics.
“The point of surveillance is to get us to
internalize the gaze of the power
structure, to police ourselves, to feel as if
we are constantly being monitored, to
assume that every camera has in it film
and is running when in fact many don’t
and in fact there are many many blind
spots in this system of
surveillance.”
It doesn’t matter if blindspots or not because we feel we are being watched
*feeling of being watched
*ex. empty cop car
*mechanism of control
- cookies
- facial recognition
- security cameras
- red light cameras
- toll tags
- id badges
- VPN
- bank cards
- location spending/tracking
Big Data
related to human behaviour and interaction
Extremely large data sets that are
constantly expanding and must be
analyzed electronically to reveal patterns,
trends, and associations (often relating to
human behaviour and interactions)
DATAVEILLANCE
A term some sociologists use to describe
the prevalent form of routine surveillance
in society by means of the informational
shadow that a person casts in the course
of routine online commerce
*prevalent form of surveillance of informational shadow we all cast often in online commerce
*every time you used credit card you connect identity to time place and activity
CASE STUDY 1: SURVEILLANCE OF SINGLE MOTHERS ON WELFARE
Maki argues that gender- and race-based exclusion, “othering”, surveillance, and regulation were built into the fabric of th Canadian welfare state
- Increased surveillance (IRL and tech-based) framed as a way to catch “fraudsters” and “welfare cheats”
Consequences:
- Tech-based - Discrimination through predictive risk analytics, disproportionately impacting racialized single mothers
Identify how surveillance in welfare system is percieved and enforced by all active parties
*increased surveillance has been framed by government to catch fraudsters or welfare cheats
*cross referance system can find identities through automated process by tracking information using predictive use analytics to find who is more likely to commit fraud when given access to welfare
*inability to make interest payments
*flags individuals to be high risk making them less likely to get welfare
Found that existing as single mother automatically got you flagged based on this automatic system
If you have any form of income, it may prevent assistance
Although system made not to discriminate, tech still made by humans
- IRL - Community and state surveillance through welfare fraud hotline and “spouse in the house” rules
Welfare fraud hotline
- community members encouraged to report any risky behaviour who has access to welfare
- increased policing of low-income neighbourhoods
- state is offloading surveillance onto community members
Spouce in the house rule: if a woman is cohabitating with a male partner, they can face investigation through welfare system or financial penalties
*creates intense surveillance over single mothers and their interactions with men
*assumption is if there is a man cohabitating with you, they are contributing to the family household
*one woman reported because seen in public with ex partner making her flagged, starting investigation
- noteabley, ex is father of her children… OFC their gonna see each other
- single mothers often restricted for romantic and familial relationships, being seen with any man
