Week 14 Lecture 1 PowerPoint (Regime Types)

Question 1

What are States?

Answer 1

set of institutions designed to maintain order in a given territory and protect its population from other states

Institutions
1. decision making bodies, government
2. defence and security apparatuses, military, national guard
3. set of laws & enforcement mechanisms, criminal legal system, police, courts, judges
*maintain order within borders

Question 2

Hobbes Social contract

+ 2 basic functions of state

Answer 2

natural condition of human life = competetive, distrustful, desire for glory, greedy
*Human nature

SOCIAL CONTRACT remedies this - way for individual to seek peace and make arrangements necessary to attain and preserve it
*we consciously created states risen from social contract in order to preserve peace

functions:

1. preserving order
2. providing security against other states

Question 3

Campbell & Hall third function of state

Answer 3

3. providing a sense of belonging among state’s members
   *Nationalism/Patriotism

DOWNSIDE
*sense of superiority
*dangerous when used to justify certain things
*us vs them mentality
*anti-imigration
*racial hierarcy

Question 4

States historically vs modern

Answer 4

Historically
- physical restriction of people to one place (because surrounded by water or mountains - landlocked)
- Geographically confined
*Empires - groups of states under a single supreme authority; largely machines for war (power through conquest)

Modern
- territorial state size less important than economic and institutional power for the survival and prosperity of states and their societies
- economic and institutionalized power more important than military might
- dispotic power - state ability to take control without negotiation with people that live there
*No longer bigger = better
*Dark history of the transition from empires to nation states (war, ethnic cleansing, despotic power)

Question 5

Campbell & Hall 2021 Strength of the State

Answer 5

Indicators of strength:

1. The capacity of the state to effectively “reach into” civil society
   * Extract resources through taxation, maintain peace and control within society, facilitate economic development, etc.
2. The presence of the population’s shared national sentiment (i.e., sense of belonging)
   - institutionalized mechanisms determine how strong a state is

Question 6

Regime types

Answer 6

Anarachy: Ruled by none
- free for all among all people who live there

Dictatorship: Ruled by one
- one person has nearly total control to make and enforce laws

Monarchy: Ruled bu one
- Single member of royal family, typically king or queen

Authoritarian: Ruled by some
- Governments are characterized by little to no democratic participation and the oppression of resistance

*Fascist - State controls all media and institutions. People’s freedoms are severely limited. Political and civil liberties are controlled, not necessarily economic freedoms such as private property

*totalitarian - complete government control and surveilance over all aspects of society’s members

*Theocracy - Religion is tool used by State to assert power and control

*Oligarchy - broad definition for “ruled by some”. GOV state system where few people control state

*Communism - Refers to state information of social institutions and infrastructure. People tend to have limited liberties. No private property
- in theory could be democratic, noone’s done communism right

Democracy: Ruled by many
- representative - the way voting system structures. People vote for individuals to represent them in society. Their role to advocate for collective

*Liberal - characteristic of significant civil, political, and economic liberties or freedoms. Free-market capitalism.
*Social - Nordic countries, where people have obandent social and political liberties, but economic liberties limited, in some capacity. Hope to offset inequalities between people

Question 7

How do regime types change?
5 features necessary for democracy to exist

How does Democracy die?

Answer 7

1. free and lively civil society to exist as we see fit
2. Atonomous and valued political society. One individual can’t get enough power to infultrate government, people trust government and see value in voting.
3. Rule of law. principle of legal system applying to everyone equally
4. Relatively efficient state bureaucracy. We have entities that run efficiently to see to societies needs
5. institutionalized economic society. Taxation.

Death
- can occur by the hands of democratic elected leaders HITLER
- Yk there’s also war, corruption and stuff

Question 8

Function of Modern States (3)

Answer 8

1. preserving order
   *police forces
   *respect for police
   *societal norms
2. providing a sense of belonging
   *patriotism
   *collectivity/ interests
3. providing security against other states
   *Border patrol
   *Having a gun (In America)
   *Security of identity and dignity