Week 16 - Intelligence and decision making Flashcards
What does “G” represent?
Short for “general factor” and is often used to be synonymous with intelligence itself.
What is intelligence?
An individual’s cognitive capability. This includes the ability to acquire, process, recall and apply information.
What is IQ?
Short for “intelligence quotient”. This is a score, typically obtained from a widely used measure of intelligence that is meant to rank a person’s intellectual ability against that of others.
What are norm assessments?
Assessments that are given to a representative sample of a population to determine the range of scores for that population. These “norms” are then used to place an individual who takes that assessment on a range of scores in which he or she is compared to the population at large.
What are standardize assessments?
Assessments that are given in the exact same manner to all people. With regards to intelligence tests standardized scores are individual scores that are computed to be referenced against normative scores for a population.
What is a stereotype threat?
The phenomenon in which people are concerned that they will conform to a stereotype or that their performance does conform to that stereotype, especially in instances in which the stereotype is brought to their conscious awareness.
What is “g” or general mental ability?
The general factor common to all cognitive ability measures, “a very general mental capacity that among other things involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. Not necessarily “book smart” but “street smart””.
What is satisfaction?
Correspondence between an individual’s needs or preferences and the rewards offered by the environment.
What are specific abilities?
Cognitive abilities that contain an appreciable component of g or general ability, but also contain a large component of a more content-focused talent such as mathematical, spatial, or verbal ability; patterns of specific abilities channel development down different paths as a function of an individual’s relative strengths and weaknesses.
What are under-determined or misspecified causal models?
Psychological frameworks that miss or neglect to include one or more of the critical determinants of the phenomenon under analysis.
What is anchoring?
The bias to be affected by an initial anchor, even if the anchor is arbitrary, and to insufficiently adjust our judgements away from that anchor.
What are biases?
The systematic and predictable mistakes that influence the judgement of even very talented human beings.
What is bounded awareness?
The systematic ways in which we fail to notice obvious and important information that is available to us.
What is bounded ethicality?
The systematic ways in which our ethics are limited in ways we are not even aware of ourselves.
What is bounded rationality?
Model of human behaviour that suggests that humans try to make rational decisions but are bounded due to cognitive limitations
