Week 14 - Social and Emotional Development Flashcards
What is authoritative?
A parenting style characterized by high (but reasonable) expectations for children’s behaviour, good communication, warmth and nurturance, and the use of reasoning (rather than coercion) as preferred responses to children’s misbehaviour.
What is conscience?
The cognitive, emotional, and social influences that cause young children to create and act consistently with internal standards of conduct.
What is effortful control?
A temperament quality that enable children to be more successful in motivated self-regulation.
What is the family stress model?
A description of the negative effects of family financial difficulty on child adjustment through the effects of economic stress on parents depressed mood, increased marital problems, and poor parenting.
What are gender schemas?
Organized beliefs and expectations about maleness and femaleness that guide children’s thinking about gender.
What is goodness of fit?
The match or synchrony between a child’s temperament and characteristics of parental care that contributes to positive or negative personality devlopement. A good “fit” means that parents have accommodated to the child’s temperamental attributes, and this contributes to positive personality growth and better adjustment.
What is security of attachment?
An infant’s confidence in the sensitivity and responsiveness of a caregiver, especially when he or she is needed. Infants can be securely attached or insecurely attached.
What is social referencing?
The process by which one individual consults another’s emotional expressions to determine how to evaluate and respond to circumstances that are ambiguous or uncertain.
What is temperament?
Early emerging differences in reactivity and regulation, which constitutes a foundation for personality development.
What is theory of mind?
Children’s growing understanding of the mental states that affect people’s behaviour.
What is the attachment behavioural system?
A motivational system selected over the course of evolution to maintain proximity between a young child and his or her primary attachment figure.
What are attachment behaviours?
Behaviours and signals that attract the attention of a primary attachment figure and function to prevent separation from that individual or to reestablish proximity to that individual (e.g, crying or clinging).
What is an attachment figure?
Someone who functions as the primary safe haven and secure base for an individual. In childhood, an individual’s attachment figure is often a parent. In adulthood, an individual’s attachment figure is often a romantic partner.
What are attachment patterns (styles or orientations)?
Individual differences in how securely (vs. insecurely) people think, feel, and behave in attachment relationships.
What is a strange situation?
A laboratory task that involves briefly separating and reuniting infants and their primary caregivers as a way of studying individual differences in attachment behaviour.
