Week 15 - GP

Question 1

What is lactoferrin

Answer 1

inhibits bacterial cell growth

Chelates iron reducing its solubility in the GI tract

Question 2

Define anergia.

Answer 2

Lack of reaction from the body defence to foreign substances

Question 3

Describe the early and late stages of type 1 hypersensitivity reaction.

Answer 3

Early - within minutes, histamine and PGs- increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction
Late - over hours to days, T cells and other immune cells, smooth muscle hypertrophy and tissue remodelling

Question 4

What is anaphylaxis?

Answer 4

Severe, systemic type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, widespread mast cell degranulation due to systemic exposure of the antigen.
Increased vascular permeability, soft tissue swelling (threatening the airways), loss of circulatory volume (shock)

Question 5

What is an AI disease?

Answer 5

Harmful inflammatory response directed against ‘Self’ by the adaptive immune system. Persistence of the inflammatory response -> chronic disease

Question 6

Give examples of organ specific and systemic AI disease.

Answer 6

Organ specific - MS T1DM

Systemic - RA, IBD, systemic vasculitis

Question 7

Given an example of Type II hypersensitivity reaction.

cytotoxic or Ab mediated

Answer 7

Drug associated haemolysis

Bullous pemphigoid

Question 8

What is type 3 hypersensitivity and give an e.g.

Answer 8

immune complex
circulating complexes of Ab and antigens
aggregate in small blood vessels - direct occlusion, complement activation, perivascaular inflammation
serum sickness, systemic lupus

Question 9

What is a MMSE?

Answer 9

Assessment of a persons current state of mind.
Gives a SNAPSHOT of their presentation
objective observation by the clinician and the subjective description by the patient.

Question 10

What is mood?

Answer 10

Pervasive subjective feeling communicated by the patient (overall)

Question 11

What is affect?

Answer 11

Objective observation (moment to moment changes)

Question 12

Define compulsion

Answer 12

Repetitive behaviours or mental acts aimed at preventing or reducing distress

Question 13

Define delusion

Answer 13

A fixed false belief held in spite of evidence to the contrary, not in keeping with cultural and educational setting

Question 14

Define frailty

Answer 14

A reduction in the body in-built reserves generally due to the cumulative effect of a range of individual deficits.

Question 15

Define negligence

Answer 15

Failure to do something a reasonable Dr would do or doing something a reasonable Dr wouldn’t do.

Question 16

What is neglect?

Answer 16

The persistent failure to meet a Childs basic physical and/or psychological needs.

Question 17

Define Erectile dysfunction

Answer 17

Inability to achieve and maintain a full penile erection adequate for satisfactory sexual intercourse.

Question 18

What drugs can cause ED?

Answer 18

Anti-depressants, anti-arrhythmias, anti-hypertensive, diuretics, hormonal, H2 receptor antagonist, recreational drugs

Question 19

What is first line drug treatment in erectile dysfunction

Answer 19

PDE-5 inhibitors

Sildenafil

Question 20

Define illness burden/ Illness work.

Answer 20

The work a patient and their family has to do to understand and live with a chronic illness