Drugs Flashcards
What is the MoA of heparin?
Enhances the activity of antithrombin III
Give an example of a Vitamin K antagonist?
Warfarin- prevents recycling of vitamin K and so synthesis of 2, 7, 9, 10 factors, preventing thrombus
Give some SE of H2 receptor antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine)
Reduced B12 absorption, diarrhoea, gynaecomastia
Give an example of a selective NSAID
Celecoxib
Diazepam and Lorazepam are examples of benzodiazepines, what is the MoA and SE?
Increased GABA affinity for its receptor, causing hyper polarisation, reducing activity of limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic areas of brain.
SE- insomnia, ataxia, altered mental status, sedation.
Risk of addiction so only given short term
Give an example of a tricyclic antidepressant?
Amitriptyline, Imipramine
What is the MoA and SE of the anti-epileptic, Carbamazepine or lamotrigine?
Blocks pre-synpatic Na channels, reducing neuronal excitability
SE (C)- Stevens-johnsons syndrome, diplopia. ataxia, blurred vision, headache
(L) acts on Ca aswell- SJs, diarrhoea, tremor, aggression, insomins, blurred vision
What drug blocks the SV2A being made, preventing NT release?
Levetriacetam
What does Sodium valproate do?
Anti-epileptic - Inhibits GBA degrading enzymes
Increasing inhibitory GABA
SE - behavioural disturbances, hyponatraemia, confusion, gastric irritation, weight gain
What anti-epileptic has SE of gingival hyperplasia, rash, leucopenia or thrombocytopenia
Phenytoin. Pre-synpatic Na channel blocker.
What is the MoA of aciclovir?
Inhibits DNA polymerase, inhibiting viral DNA replication
What drugs may cause small and tase disturbances and/or tooth and tongue discolouration?
Macrolides - Erythromycin, Clarithromycin
Give some SE of atenolol and bisprolol.
Cardioselective to beta 1
Fatigues, loss of hypoglycaemic awareness - beware in diabetics, Brochospams - beware in COPD and asthma patients, Cold extremities
Blockes SA node decreasing HR, depresses cardiac contractility and inhibits Renin release
Give a side effect of Ramipril or captopril.
Dry cough
Angioedmea
Hyperkalaemia
Renal impairment
What is the MOA of the anti-emetic Cyclizine?
H1 antagonist acting on the vomiting centre in the medulla
sedation, headache, diarrhoea
What are some SE of the opiate morphine?
Sedation, respiratory depression
active metabolites can accumulate in renal failure
Agonist of the presynaptic neurone, increases nociceptive threshold through central and peripheral NS
What is the MoA of Aspirin?
Irreversible inactivation of COX enzyme. Reduces platelet thromboxane A2 and PG12, reducing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.
Name a dopamine antagonist anti-emetic?
Raises the activity in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, increases gastric emptying and reduced oesophageal reflux
Metoclopramide
SE- parkinsonisms, dystonia, diarrhoea, confusion, dizzy
List some SE of the Anti-TNF-alpha (infliximab. intercept, adalimumab)
Flu like symptoms - fever, headache, runny nose
Reactivation of TB
What type of drugs are Citalopram, fluoxetine and sertraline and what is there MoA?
SSRI
Inhibit the reuptake of serotonin at the reuptake pumps of the syntactic cleft. Increased serotonin stimulation.
List a side effect of the SV2A protein inhibitor (anti-epileptic) Levetriacetam.
Irritability, constipation, fatigue, headache, drowsy
Oral
