Drugs

Question 1

What is the MoA of heparin?

Answer 1

Enhances the activity of antithrombin III

Question 2

Give an example of a Vitamin K antagonist?

Answer 2

Warfarin- prevents recycling of vitamin K and so synthesis of 2, 7, 9, 10 factors, preventing thrombus

Question 3

Give some SE of H2 receptor antagonists (cimetidine, ranitidine)

Answer 3

Reduced B12 absorption, diarrhoea, gynaecomastia

Question 4

Give an example of a selective NSAID

Answer 4

Celecoxib

Question 5

Diazepam and Lorazepam are examples of benzodiazepines, what is the MoA and SE?

Answer 5

Increased GABA affinity for its receptor, causing hyper polarisation, reducing activity of limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic areas of brain.
SE- insomnia, ataxia, altered mental status, sedation.
Risk of addiction so only given short term

Question 6

Give an example of a tricyclic antidepressant?

Answer 6

Amitriptyline, Imipramine

Question 7

What is the MoA and SE of the anti-epileptic, Carbamazepine or lamotrigine?

Answer 7

Blocks pre-synpatic Na channels, reducing neuronal excitability
SE (C)- Stevens-johnsons syndrome, diplopia. ataxia, blurred vision, headache
(L) acts on Ca aswell- SJs, diarrhoea, tremor, aggression, insomins, blurred vision

Question 8

What drug blocks the SV2A being made, preventing NT release?

Answer 8

Levetriacetam

Question 9

What does Sodium valproate do?

Answer 9

Anti-epileptic - Inhibits GBA degrading enzymes
Increasing inhibitory GABA
SE - behavioural disturbances, hyponatraemia, confusion, gastric irritation, weight gain

Question 10

What anti-epileptic has SE of gingival hyperplasia, rash, leucopenia or thrombocytopenia

Answer 10

Phenytoin. Pre-synpatic Na channel blocker.

Question 11

What is the MoA of aciclovir?

Answer 11

Inhibits DNA polymerase, inhibiting viral DNA replication

Question 12

What drugs may cause small and tase disturbances and/or tooth and tongue discolouration?

Answer 12

Macrolides - Erythromycin, Clarithromycin

Question 13

Give some SE of atenolol and bisprolol.

Answer 13

Cardioselective to beta 1
Fatigues, loss of hypoglycaemic awareness - beware in diabetics, Brochospams - beware in COPD and asthma patients, Cold extremities

Blockes SA node decreasing HR, depresses cardiac contractility and inhibits Renin release

Question 14

Give a side effect of Ramipril or captopril.

Answer 14

Dry cough
Angioedmea
Hyperkalaemia
Renal impairment

Question 15

What is the MOA of the anti-emetic Cyclizine?

Answer 15

H1 antagonist acting on the vomiting centre in the medulla

sedation, headache, diarrhoea

Question 16

What are some SE of the opiate morphine?

Answer 16

Sedation, respiratory depression

active metabolites can accumulate in renal failure

Agonist of the presynaptic neurone, increases nociceptive threshold through central and peripheral NS

Question 17

What is the MoA of Aspirin?

Answer 17

Irreversible inactivation of COX enzyme. Reduces platelet thromboxane A2 and PG12, reducing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation.

Question 18

Name a dopamine antagonist anti-emetic?

Raises the activity in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, increases gastric emptying and reduced oesophageal reflux

Answer 18

Metoclopramide

SE- parkinsonisms, dystonia, diarrhoea, confusion, dizzy

Question 19

List some SE of the Anti-TNF-alpha (infliximab. intercept, adalimumab)

Answer 19

Flu like symptoms - fever, headache, runny nose

Reactivation of TB

Question 20

What type of drugs are Citalopram, fluoxetine and sertraline and what is there MoA?

Answer 20

SSRI

Inhibit the reuptake of serotonin at the reuptake pumps of the syntactic cleft. Increased serotonin stimulation.

Question 21

List a side effect of the SV2A protein inhibitor (anti-epileptic) Levetriacetam.

Answer 21

Irritability, constipation, fatigue, headache, drowsy

Oral