Week 13 - Intellectual Disability Flashcards
Intellectual Disability has replaced ____ _____
Mental Retardation
3 Key components of an ID:
- limitation in intellectual functioning
- limitation in adaptive functioning
- occurs before age 18
Intellectual Functioning is scored by
IQ
A significant limitation in intellectual functioning is ___ standard deviations (SD) below the mean
2
Etiology often unknown for ____ cases (IQ of 50-70);
cause tends to be known for ___ cases (IQ <50)
mild
severe
a ____ type of changes result in ID
genetic
Two most common Genetic causes of ID (2 syndromes)
- Down Syndrome
* Fragile X syndrome
Down Syndrome cause:
an extra 21st chromosome
Cause of Fragile X syndrome:
a mutation of the fragile site on the X chromosome
____ _____ a degenerative brain and nervous system (neurological) syndrome that results in difficulty with eyesight and processing visual information
Cortical Atrophy
_______ abnormal accumulation of
cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
causing increased intracranial pressure and
progressive enlargement of the skull which can
cause ID
Hydrocephalus
______ a premature fusion of the skull causing
a reduction in space for the brain to grow resulting in
intracranial pressure and ID
Craniostenosis
Not Genetic birth defects:
- Cortical Atrophy
- Hydrocephalus
- Craniostensosis
Environmental Birth Defects:
exposure to chemical agents such as alcohol (fetal alcohol syndrome),
and nonprescription drugs,
maternal conditions
________ condition where blood phenylalanine (amino acid) levels of the mother exceed normal levels causing ID of the fetus
hyperphenylalaninemia
condition seen in pregnancy which is a combination of high blood pressure and protein in the urine, can cause seizures in the mother and lack of oxygen supply to the baby if untreated. Lack of O2 supply to the baby can cause ID.
Toxemia OR preeclampsia
A virus that infects a person for life
Cytomegalovirus
Maternal Condtions
- hyperphenylalaninemia
- Toxemia
- Cytomegalovirus
Cortical atrophy
shrinkage of the posterior part of
the brain causing ID
___ ____incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube (a narrow sheath that closes to form the brain and spinal cord)which can cause ID
Spina bifida
autosomal dominant gene disorder
carrier by either parent with a 50% risk of an offspring getting the
disease
autosomal recessive gene disorder
carried by BOTH parents with a 25% risk of an offspring getting the disease
inherited sex linked (X chromosome) gene disorder
affecting male offsprings with female offsprings at risk for being a carrier of the disease`
IQ of a young adult with Down syndrome is ___
50
