Week 13 - ASD Flashcards
ASD
Autism Spectrum Disorder
PDD
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
PDD - definition
Refers to a group of disorders characterized by delays in the development of socialization and communication skills. Parents may note symptoms as early as infancy, although the typical age of onset is before 3 years of age
PDD-NOS
Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
PDD-NOS - definition
Some developmental health professionals refer to PDD-NOS as “subthreshold autism.” In other words, it’s the diagnosis they use for someone who has some but not all characteristics of autism or who has relatively mild symptoms.
*now included in DSM-5
CDD
Childhood disintegrative disorder
CDD - definition
Also known as Heller’s syndrome and disintegrative psychosis, is a rare condition characterized by late onset (>3 years of age) of developmental delays in language, social function, and motor skills
IQ
Intelligence Quotient
Hx
History
GI
Gastrointestinal
EEG
Electroencephalogram
EEG - definition
A test that detects abnormalities in your brain waves, or in the electrical activity of your brain
2 common tests for ASD
- MRI
- EEG
ID
Intellectual Disability
____ studies show reduced activation in the frontal lobe
MRI
MR
Mental Retardation
AAIDD
American Association on Intellectual Development Disorders
AAIDD
American Association on Intellectual Development Disorders
CNS
Central Nervous System
Example: Coloring with left hand and then switching to the right, eating with the left and then switching in the middle of the meal to the right
Ambiguous Hand Preference
True or False: The limbic system specifically the amygdala and the hippocampus appear abnormal in those with autism
TRUE
Asperger’s Syndrome - symptoms
- Have social challenges
- IQ is in normal range
- no delay in speech
- poor at recognizing nonverbal commands, gestures, etc.
Auditory Processing - example
Difficulty comprehending spoken language OR doesn’t respond to their own name when called
What is brushing used for?
Tactile Defensiveness!
OT’s use brushing on the limbs in a back and forth direction to decrease tactile defensiveness and increase ability to handle touch
Some propose that _____ (a protein found in wheat and some other grains) and ______ (a protein found in dairy products) can worsen autism symptoms by causing inflammation in the gut that spreads to the brain
Gluten
Casein
(in ASD) Neurons in the cerebellum known as _____ ______ are less in number than in a normal brain
Purkinje cells
Symptoms may begin with unexplained changes in behaviour, e.g. anxiety, agitation, or unprovoked anger. Behavioural changes are normally followed by a loss in motor, social and communication skills. Children with _____ _____ ______ often lose bowel or bladder control and reject social interaction
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Emotional Lability - defintion
laughing or crying at inappropriate times
MRI studies show reduced activation in the ____ _____
Frontal Lobe
True or False: many children with ASD have GI issues?
True
Hyperlexia - defined
unable to comprehend what is read
Neurons in the ____ ____ of the brainstem are initially larger than normal and in adulthood they are smaller than normal; cells are normal in number
Inferior Olive
Autism is a neurobiological disorder of the ____
Brain
Rote Memory
Memorization - repetition to keep information
True or False: (in ASD) Word recall is more impaired than number recall, good with rote memory
True
What is the focus of the sensory diet is to tolerate
Sensations & situations that are challenging
What is the focus of an OT with children with Autism?
regulation of the sensory system
Theory of Mind
Can’t read another person’s thoughts, emotions or feelings, doesn’t pick up on nonverbal communication
