Week 13 - Cerebral Palsy Flashcards
CP
Cerebral Palsy
CVA
Stroke
HIE
hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
HIE - definition
decreased umbilical or uterine blood flow, resulting in decreased oxygen flow
PVL
periventricular leukomalacia
PVL - definition
a softening of white brain tissue near the ventricles
ITB
Intrathecal baclofen infusion
ITB - definition
Pump implanted in the abdomen and infused medication to the spinal cord
IVH
Intraventricular hemorrhage
IVH - definition
of the newborn is bleeding into the fluid-filled areas, or ventricles, surrounded by the brain
(with CP) ___ to ___ % of cases are a result of birth complications (i.e. HIE)
5 to 10%
70-80% of cases occur during _____ life
intrauterine
*or prenatal
10% of CP cases are developed ____ birth
after
20-30% of cases are _____
unknown
a grouping of clinical syndromes that affect
movement, muscle tone, and coordination as a result of
an injury or lesion of the immature brain
CP
True or False: CP always involves a disorder in the sensorimotor development
TRUE
True or False: CP is a lifelong motor disability
FALSE: it is a lifelong DEVELOPMENTAL disability
TRUE or FALSE: The injury occurs when the brain is still developing –
during the prenatal, perinatal or postnatal period until the
age of 8 (referred to as acquired brain injury)
TRUE
TRUE or FALSE: About 4.1-4.6 children out of every 100 born in the US have
some type of cerebral palsy
About 3.1-3.6!!!! children out of every 1000!!!!
Delayed ____ ______ is a common symptom of CP
Motor Development
Muscles/nerves are intact rather, the portion of the _____ that controls the muscle function and tone is damaged
brain
______ is the degree of resistance when a muscle is
stretched
Tone
________ high tone, increased resistance is present when stretch (stretch reflex), and may have limited ROM due to tone, also called spasticity
Hypertonicity
______ low tone, no resistance to stretch (areflexia) and hypermobility is present
Hypotonicity
______ ______ changes between increased tone and decreased tone
Fluctuating Tone
When hypertonicity is present and the child is lying on
his back you will often observe the hips ______
rotated and adducted and the ankles ______
internally
plantarflexed
When hypotonicity is present and the child is lying on
his back the hips _____ flex and _____ rotate due
to low tone and gravity – (flop outward)
abduct
externally
Motor milestone that is delayed =
inability to sit independently
May have difficulty sucking, _____ and chewing
swallowing
May only use 1 _____, may demonstrate unusual
_____ or gait pattern, and/or uncoordinated reaching
hand
crawling
_______ results from cerebral cortex involvement characterized by
- hypertonicity (spasticity),
- most common type (80%),
- can lead to contractures (shortening of muscles)
Spastic
1 side of the body is involved; UE is usually more affected
and held in a position of flexion; most walk by their 3rd birthday
Hemiplegia
Hemiplegia: ___ side of the body is involved; ___ is usually more affected and held in a position of flexion; most walk by their ___ birthday
1
UE
3rd
involves both LE’s with less involvement of the UE’s; most sit
by the age of 3; approximately 80-90% will eventually walk
Diplegia
Diplegia: involves both ___ with less involvement of the ___; most sit by the age of __; approximately 80-90% will eventually walk
LE’s
UE’s
3
______ LE’s and UE’s are involved; only a small percentage will
walk, presents of dysarthria, eating difficulties, drooling; susceptible to deformities, scoliosis and hip dislocation
Quadriplegia
Quadriplegia: ___ and ___ are involved; only a small percentage will
walk, presents of _____ , eating difficulties, drooling; susceptible to deformities, scoliosis and hip dislocation
LE’s
UE’s
dysarthria
5 Characteristics of Athetoid
- decrease oral motor control,
- drooling,
- dysarthria,
- hypermobility and
- excessive uncontrolled movement
Athetoid – also called dyskinetic – characterized by involuntary
and uncontrolled movements – slow and writhing – results
from _____ _____involvement – accounts for 10-20% of CP
cases
basal ganglia
3 Characteristics of Ataxia
- wide-based gait to maintain balance,
- intention tremors and
- hypotonicity
Ataxia – results from ____ involvement characterized by
unsteadiness and difficulty with balance especially when
ambulating
Cerebellum
____ _____ is used to reduce spasticity, elongate
muscles and for positioning
Inhibitory Casting
Treatment used for: hands -to prevent fisted position of flexion; feet -to prevent foot drop
Splinting
Therapy used to challenge and strengthen sitting balance, equilibrium
Hippotherapy
