Week 13 defs Flashcards
Nucleophile
an electron pair donor
Electrophile
an electron pair accepter
Structural isomers
compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structural formulae
Stereoisomerism
compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
E/Z isomerism
an example of stereoisomerism, in terms of restricted rotation about a double bond and the requirements for two different groups to be attached to each carbon pf the C=C group
Cis-trans isomerism
a special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the substituent groups are the same
Optical isomers
non-superimposable mirror images about an organic chiral centre
Chiral centre
four different groups attached to a carbon atom
Curly arrow
the movement of an electron pair, showing either the breaking or formation of a covalent bond
radical
a species with an unpaired electron
Homolytic fission
the breaking of a covalent bond where one of the bonded atoms retains both of the electrons from the bonded pair
Heterolytic fission
the breaking of covalent bonds where one of the bonded atoms retains both of the electrons from the bonded pair
Hydrocarbon
a compound of carbon and hydrogen only
Homologous series
a series of organic compounds by having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by a CH3
Saturatesd
containing single bonds only
Unsaturated
containing at least one C=C double bond
Empirical formula
the simplest whole number ratio f atoms of each element presented in a compound
Molecular formula
the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
Functional group
a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of the compound
Catalyst
speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the overall reaction
Volatility
the ease that a liquid turns to a gad (increases as boiling point decreases)
Ref;ux
the continuous boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture
Atom economy
Mr desired/ Mr all product x100
Substitution
a reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced by another group of atoms
a-Amino acid
had a general formula RCH(NH2)COOH
Condensation polymerisation
the joining of monomers with the elimination of a small molecule such as water
Hydrolysis
the breaking of a bond by its reaction with water or hydroxide ion
