Week 12: Feminist Theories

Question 1

What are the primary aims and objectives of feminist criminologies:
= To E____ Androcentric science

Answer 1

= To eliminate androcentric science

Question 2

What does androcentric mean:

Answer 2

=Male focussed

Question 3

According to Kathlee Daly and Meda Chesney Lind (1988):

= Criminological theories are rooted in M__ experience

Answer 3

= Criminological theories are rooted in Mens experience

Question 4

What are the 3 phases of Feminist:
= Feminist Emp____
= S___P___ Feminism
= Post-M____ Feminism

Answer 4

= Feminist empirica;ism
= Standpoint Feminism
= Post-modern Feminism

Question 5

What is the commonality of the 3 feminist phases:

=They all share a F____ perspective on G___ issues that is mis in mainstream criminological theories.

Answer 5

=They all share a Feministic perspective on Gender issues that is mis in mainstream criminological theories

Question 6

What does gender refer to:

= It refers to the S____ and the Cultural differences a society assigns to people based on their biological S__.

Answer 6

= It refers to the social and the cultural differences a society assigns to people based on their biological sex.

Question 7

What does gender ROLE refer to:

= Refers to societies E____ of peoples behaviour and attitudes based on whether they are F___ or M____

Answer 7

= Refers to societies expectations of peoples behaviour and attitudes based on whether they are female or males

Question 8

What does Femininity refer to:
= a set of A_____ & behaviours, and Ro___ generally associated with girls and women. Femininity is partially S____ C_____ being made up of both socially-defined and B______- created factors

Answer 8

= a set of attributes, behaviours, and roles generally associated with girls and women. Femininity is partially socially constructed, being made up of both socially-defined and biologically-created factors

Question 9

Sex refers to : B______ differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs.

Gender describes the CH______that a society or culture delineates as masculine or feminine.

Answer 9

=Sex refers to biological differences; chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs.

=Gender describes the characteristics that a society or culture delineates as masculine or feminine.

Question 10

What is the Chivalry hypothesis:
= F____ are treated leniently by the criminal justice system because P____, Pros____ and J___ are predominately M___ and have a gracious attitude towards women

Answer 10

=The idea that females are treated leniently by the criminal justice system because police, prosecutors, and judges are predominately male and have a gracious attitude toward women

Question 11

Poor + Ethnic minority + Non-Feminine crime= More ______ punishments.

Answer 11

= Harsher

Question 12

Daly’s Families defendant hypothesis:

= judges tended to be M___ lenient with dependents, women and men, if they had S___ f____ ties.

Answer 12

= judges tended to be More lenient with dependents, women and men, if they had Strong Family ties.

Question 13

Daly & Chesney:
What are 2 MOST important gender issues related theories:
1. Gen____ problem:
2. Gender-R____ problem

Answer 13

1. Generalised problem

2. Gender-Ration Problem

Question 14

Masculinity Hypothesis:
Freda Ad___: sisters in crime (1975) argued that the nature and extent of female crime (including for violent offences) is on a trajectory to Con___ with those of male crimes

Answer 14

= Freda Adler : sisters in crime (1975) argued that the nature and extent of female crime (including for violent offences) is on a trajectory to Converge with those of male crimes

Question 15

Opportunity Hypothesis: by R___ Simon

= argued that female Prop___ crime had Inc__ and with it increased arrests and incarceration as well

Answer 15

= Rita Simon

= argued that female Property crime had Increased and with it increased arrests and incarceration as well

Question 16

What is economic Marg____ hypothesis:

= Gender rel___ contribute to the Econ__ and S___ position of both males and female.

Answer 16

= the key reason is that gender relations contribute to the economic and social position of both males and females

Question 17

= Economic marginalisation is a WHAT specific Theory

Answer 17

=Gender specific theory

Question 18

Power control theory: John H____ (1980):
= G___ and Delinquency holds the G___ distribution of delinquency is caused by stratification from gender relations within the Fam___

Answer 18

= of gender and delinquency (abbreviated as the power-control theory) holds the gender distribution of delinquency is caused by stratification from gender relations within the family

Question 19

What are the 2 main Family structures:
Pa____ family: does the mother or father exert more power and over who? who is in the command position?
Egal____ Family: does the mother or father exert more control over who? who is in the command position

Answer 19

Patriarchy: 1. the mother exerts more control over the daughter then the son: Father

Egalitarian: 2. The mother exerts more control over the son then the daughter: Mother & father

Question 20

What is the OTHER family structure: Matri___ family:

= Where the _____ is employed with authority and the ___ is employed without authority

Answer 20

= Matriarchy
= Mother
=Father

Question 21

What is Gender Schema:
= that CH___ learn about male and female roles from the C___ in which they live. According to the theory, children adjust their B____ to align with the gender norms of their culture from the earliest stages of social development

Answer 21

=that children learn about male and female roles from the culture in which they live. According to the theory, children adjust their behaviour to align with the gender norms of their culture from the earliest stages of social development

Question 22

Conflict theories: P____ groups VS P____ group
Marxists theories: C____ VS P___
Feminist theories: M____ VS F____

Answer 22

= Powerful VS Powerless
= Capitalist VS Proletariat
Feministic Theories: Male VS Female

Question 23

Messerchmitdt believes crime should be understood as:

= St___ A___

Answer 23

= Structural Action

Question 24

What are the Features for Structural Action:
= Division of L____ along gender lines
= gender differences in P____
= Heter____ as the norm

Answer 24

= division of labour along gender lines
= gender difference in power
= heterosexuality as the norm

Question 25

Hegemony

Answer 25

= culture dynamic which a group claims and sustains a leading position in society

Question 26

Hegemonic masculinity

Answer 26

= is defined as a practice that legitimises men’s dominant position in society and justifies the subordination of women, and other marginalised ways of being a man.