Week 12 (EXAM 3)

Question 1

Define health informatics

Answer 1

Question 2

Give an example of health informatics being used

Answer 2

Question 3

What is the information hierarchy pyramid?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the benefits of health informatics?

Answer 4

Question 5

How has health informatics evolved over time?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are some new methods of utilizing health informatics?

Answer 6

Question 7

Why is health informatics needed in healthcare?

Answer 7

Question 8

List aspects of healthcare that have significant application of health informatics

Answer 8

Question 9

List major barriers towards implementing health informatics

Answer 9

Question 10

What is TriNetX?

Answer 10

Question 11

Give examples of domains in TriNetX network

Answer 11

Question 12

Explain the coding systems in TriNetX

Answer 12

Question 13

What is diagnosis based on in TriNetX?

Answer 13

Question 14

How are demographics organized in TriNetX?

Answer 14

Question 15

What are the procedures in TriNetX?

Answer 15

Question 16

Use TriNetX and answer this question “do outcomes of ACL reconstruction differ among men and women?”

Answer 16

1. Define the Research Question (PICO Framework)
   
   • P (Population): Patients who have undergone ACL reconstruction
   • I (Intervention): ACL reconstruction surgery
   • C (Comparison): Men vs. women
   • O (Outcome): Post-operative outcomes (e.g., re-tear rate, revision surgery, complications, return to sport, function, pain)

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2. Use TriNetX to Identify Your Cohort

Step 1: Create Two Cohorts
* Cohort 1: Male patients with ACL reconstruction
* Cohort 2: Female patients with ACL reconstruction

Step 2: Apply Inclusion Criteria
* Use ICD-10-PCS codes for ACL reconstruction (e.g., 0SRC0J9, which indicates knee joint repair using synthetic substitute, open approach).
* Age filter: Maybe 16–50 years old if you want to focus on active individuals.
* Use the demographics panel in TriNetX to select gender.

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3. Define the Outcomes You’re Interested In

Using TriNetX, look for outcomes like:
* Revisions (e.g., additional procedures using ICD-10-PCS or CPT codes)
* Complications (e.g., infection, instability)
* Return to care (e.g., physical therapy sessions, knee pain-related visits)
* PROMs (Patient Reported Outcome Measures) if available (less likely in TriNetX but possible in some institutions)

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4. Compare Outcomes

TriNetX allows statistical comparisons:
* Once cohorts are built, you can compare outcome rates.
* Use the “Compare” function for endpoints like readmission, reoperation, or other complications.
* Adjust for confounding variables (age, BMI, comorbidities) if the system allows — TriNetX supports propensity score matching to reduce bias.

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5. Interpret Results

Look at:
* Relative Risk (RR) or Odds Ratio (OR)
* Confidence Intervals
* P-values

For example, if women had a 20% higher revision rate with a statistically significant p-value, that would support a difference in outcomes.

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6. Assess Clinical and Statistical Significance
   
   • Even if statistical significance is found, consider if the difference is clinically meaningful.
   • Use literature and clinical guidelines to support your discussion.

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7. Report Your Findings

In your report or assignment:
* Include your search strategy (ICD codes used, filters applied)
* Provide cohort sizes
* Summarize statistical comparisons
* Discuss implications (e.g., does sex influence surgical outcome? Should rehab be customized?)