Week 12

Question 1

Alertness/Sensory stimulation

Answer 1

-being attentive, able to respond and engage in environment
treatment ideas - sensory stimulation - visual(light, tv) auditory(hello!) tactile(cool face cloth, light touch on skin, icing), vestibular(compression, quick stretch, tapping, vibration), olfactory(familiar perfume), gustatory(lemon swab on lips)

Question 2

Attention

Answer 2

Selective, sustained, alternating, divided, mental flexibility
treatment ideas - identify optimal working environment, gradually grade the environment, grade the complexity of the task

Question 3

Orientation

Answer 3

Person, Place, Time, Reason

treatment ideas - orientation boards, groups

Question 4

Memory

Answer 4

Sensory, STM, LTM, episoic, procedural, semantic/declarative, prospective
treatment ideas - identify learning style, education in memory strategies, train with external aids

Question 5

Problem solving

Answer 5

requires attention, memory, planning, organization and ability to reason
problem solving steps:
 identify problem
 analyze
 act - carry out thought or decision
 re-evaluate

Question 6

Sequencing & Organization

Answer 6

sequencing - breaking down an individual task

organization - list tasked in an appropriate order to complete daily self care

Question 7

Safety awareness / judgement

Answer 7

ability to make realistic decisions

treatment - safety cards

Question 8

Insight

Answer 8

awareness of ones disability/ functional implications of the disability

Question 9

concrete vs abstract thinking

Answer 9

concrete thinking - very literal - dificulty with problem solving
abstract thinking - draw relationships between objects, ideas or events the “what ifs”

Question 10

Perservation

Answer 10

the continuation or repetition of an action/work/thought beyond its purpose
- when a pt gets stuck and cannot shift gears

Question 11

impulsivity

Answer 11

seen when a client begins a task before formulation of a plan

Question 12

emotional lability

Answer 12

may be seen as laughing or crying that doesn’t not have relevance to the situation at hand

Question 13

dyscalculia

Answer 13

inability to perform simple calculation

Question 14

alexia

Answer 14

difficulty reading

Question 15

agraphia

Answer 15

difficulty writing

Question 16

Treating attention deficits

Answer 16

Modify environment/reduce distractions; gradually grade environment to increase distractions; grade complexity of task to make it more attainable

Question 17

Confabulation

Answer 17

Pt fills in memory gaps with untrue/unreal material

Question 18

Remedial approach

Answer 18

Emphasizes improving performance, training, also called transfer of training because pt has to transfer learning from paper/pen to functional activities. Based on neuroplasticity: idea that new learning can take place and new pathways can form in brain

Question 19

Compensatory approach

Answer 19

Strategies used to minimize effects of deficits; internal strategies; use of external aides; re-organized environment; also called adaptive approach

Question 20

Functional approach

Answer 20

Emphasizes task performance rather than underlying sub skills; top down approach (focus on client’s performance issues limiting their ability to engage in their roles)

Question 21

Sensory memory

Answer 21

last only a few seconds

Question 22

Short Term Memory

Answer 22

working memory

being able to recall 5-9 chunks of info (phone#, ss#)

Question 23

Long Term Memory

Answer 23

remote memory
info from STM must be encoded to get to LTM
when we need the info, we must retrieve it out of LTM and bring it back into working memory

Question 24

Episodic memory

Answer 24

memory of lifetime events (a specific bday, your wedding day)

Question 25

Procedural Memory

Answer 25

memory for a series of activities

• most durable type of memory
• how to ride a bike

Question 26

Semantic/Declarative

Answer 26

general knowledge facts

- 2+2=4

Question 27

Prospective

Answer 27

the ability to remember events that are set to occur in the future

Question 28

Confabulation

Answer 28

• when the pt fills in the memory gap with untrue/unreal material
• they are not intentional lying, but what they are saying is not true

Question 29

Treatment for attention deficits

Answer 29

identify the optimal working environment and alter as necessary
closing the door, turning off the tv
gradually grade the environment to increase distractions
grade the complexity of the task to make it attainable

Question 30

Sensory Stimulation

Answer 30

Auditory - speak loudly
Visual - bright sun / turn on a light
Tactile - cold cloth
Olfactory - a familiar smell
Gustatory - lemon swab 
Vestibular - moving the pt or the pt's bed

Question 31

Remedial

Answer 31

• improving performance of the specific cognitive component that is deficient
• transfer-of-training approach - requires the pt to transfer learning from pen to paper
• neuroplasticity

Question 32

Compensatory

Answer 32

• use of strategies to minimize the effect of the deficits
• pt must be able to acknowledge the problem (insite)
• internal strategies - chunking,visualization
• external aids
• ADAPTIVE APPROACH

Question 33

Functional

Answer 33

• take performance rather than the underlying subskills (ADL’s)
• activity analysis is key
• TOP DOWN approach