Week 12 Flashcards
Visual World Paradigm
Participants look at a visual scene while listening to language, they look at what is being talked about. Head mounted eye tracker. Objects spread out for more eye movement.
If when you hear the verb eat there are more looks towards a cake than when you hear the verb move, What does this mean?
Visual information influences real-time comprehension. Because of selectional restrictions verbs have a special role.
Referential Anticipation:
Based on participants and what you know about the real world. Girl more likely to ride merry go round, man more likely to ride motorcycle.
Does adding a second apple to the image change how the sentence is parsed?
Yes, “the” presupposes uniqueness, therefore when there are two apples in the sentence and “the” is used a modifier is more expected than when there is only one apple. This has to do with Referential Context
In the Action and Affordance Experiment were there more looks to the false goal (the bowl) when there were two cracked eggs or only one?
“Pour the egg in the bowl over the four”
There were more looks to the false goal when there was only one cracked egg, this is because when there was only one cracked egg the listeners parsed the sentence with “in the bowl” being a goal argument whereas with two cracked eggs they parsed it as a modifier
T or F
A nonlinguistic domain restriction can influence the earliest moments of syntactic ambiguity resolution.
True. In the hook and whistle experiment, the participant holding a hook in their hand affected how they parsed the sentence (with a modifier, more likely to look at false goal)
Describe eADM
Serial, modualar
1) phrase structure - syntactic, ELAN, first 300ms
2) Argument interpretation - prominence hierarchies, N400 (semantic), 300-600 ms
3) Deeper interpretation and Repair - Check plausibility against context, grammatical wellformedness, reanalysis, P600, after 600ms
What are the prominence hierarchies in stage 2 of eADM?
Case and agreement morphology
animacy
definatemess (the is more likely agent than theme)
Agrammatism:
Set of symptoms associated with a variety of kinds of aphasia (mostly Broca’s). Content word speech, lack of function words. Difficulty with complex sentence comprehension.
A modular theory of Agrammatism
Syntactic parsing is impaired.
Comprehension relies on non-syntactic heuristics:
-Basic Word order
- Plausibility
Describe the Plausibility Heuristic
Semantically constraianed -95%
Semantically reversable - 50% (BAD)
Implausible -45% (BAD)
What type of Violation and how does it affect Normal, Broca’s and Wernicke’s:
“The cloud was buried”
Semantic.
N400 in Normal and Broca’s (delayed)
Nothing in Wernicke’s = semantics impaired
What type of Violation and how does it affect Normal, Broca’s and Wernicke’s:
“The treasure was guard”
Morphosyntactic
P600, normal, Broca’s (delayed), Wernicke’s (Very delayed)
What type of Violation and how does it affect Normal, Broca’s and Wernicke’s:
“The friend was in the visited”
Phrase Structure
ELAN and P600 normal
P600 but No ELAN, Broca’s (syntax impaired)
ELAN but No P600 for Wernicke’s
What is aphasics pointing accuracy for object relatives vs passives
Object relatives: Point to who the bride was tickling. 37%
Passives: Point to who was tickled by the bride. 20%
