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Roman Civ > Week 12 > Flashcards

Week 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 reasons caused a lack of progress in Roman times?

A
  • Idealization of the past
  • Economic conservatism
  • Educational Emphasis (pushed towards theoretical learning instead)
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2
Q

What were the 6 areas of Roman progress?

A
  • Geography/Cartography
  • Medicine
  • Agricultural Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Military Engineering
  • Mechanical Engineering
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3
Q

What century saw the high point of Medicine in the Ancient World?

A

2nd Century AD

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4
Q

How many works on Medicine did Galen write?

A

150

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5
Q

1/__ of all surviving ancient Greek records are written by Galen.

A

1/8th

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6
Q

What was the Roman agricultural invention that ground grain?

A

Hourglass Mill

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7
Q

True or False:

The Romans were the first to use gears.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

What were Roman gears often made of?

A

Wood

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9
Q

What were gears pushed by?

A

Mules

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10
Q

When was the Water Lifting Wheel invented?

A

1st Century BC

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11
Q

Using the water lifting wheel, what did the Romans invent?

A

The Watermill

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12
Q

What did the Romans invent to press grapes and grain, etc?

A

The Screw Press

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13
Q

What is post-lintel structuring?

A

Two posts with a crossbeam at the top

(like a standard door frame)

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14
Q

What was the problem Romans found with post-lintel structuring?

A

You can’t build massive buildings with this method.

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15
Q

What did the Romans do instead of post-lintel structuring in order to create massive buildings?

A

They built arches instead.

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16
Q

What is the difference between Greek and Roman entasis?

A

Greek Entasis: Begins curve right at the very base

Roman Entasis: Starts off straight, then curves as it goes upwards.

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17
Q

What was the name of Rome’s sewer system?

A

Cloaca Maxima

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18
Q

When was the Cloaca Maxima first built?

A

6th Century BC

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19
Q

What is seen as Rome’s 3 most enduring achievements in infrastructure?

A
  • Sewers
  • Aqueducts
  • Roads
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20
Q

What percentage of Aqueducts ran underground?

A

90%

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21
Q

_________ Litres of water went into Rome each day at its height.

A

1 Billion

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22
Q

What technique was used to get aqueduct water to flow over valleys or inclines?

A

The Inverted Siphon System

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23
Q

Explain the inverted Siphon system.

A

If the water went down a hill fast enough, it would manage to gather enough speed to come up the other side as well

(think of a bicycle: going down, you need enough speed to make it up the incline up ahead.)

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24
Q

What were the 2 most famous triumphal arches?

A
  • Arch of Titus
  • Arch of Constantine
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25
Q

When did the Romans master the architecture of the Dome?

A

2nd Century AD

26
Q

What were the 3 main types of columns?

A
  • Corinthian
  • Ionic
  • Doric
27
Q

What is the name for the complex of various emperors forums in Rome?

A

The Imperial Fora

28
Q

What was the most advanced forum in the Imperial Fora?

A

Trajan’s Forum

29
Q

Where was the first ever shopping mall?

A

Trajan’s Forum

30
Q

When and where was the Ballista invented?

A

4th c. BC Greece

31
Q

What is the name for a Roman catapult?

A

Onager
(means donkey) (it kicks like a donkey)

32
Q

When was the water clock (klepsydra) first used?

A

3rd C. BC Greece

33
Q

What did the little gear inside an oil lamp do?

A

It rolled the wick further and further up as it shortened.

34
Q

With what device were people able to tell the distance they travelled?

A

Odometer

35
Q

How did the Odometer work?

A

It dropped a pebble at each mile, so driver can see how many pebbles are missing to determine how far they’ve gone.

36
Q

What were the 2 main philosophers popular in Ancient Rome?

A
  • Zeno
  • Epicurus
37
Q

What are Roman philosophers concerned with?

A

How to live life with happiness

38
Q

Describe Philosophy as a metaphor of a human body

A

Skeleton: Logic (How can we know)

Flesh: Physics/Metaphysics (What can we know)

Soul: Ethics (How should I lead my life)

39
Q

During what Roman age did Epicurus live?

A

Mid-Republic (3rd C. BC)

40
Q

True or False:

We don’t have a lot of Epicurus’ writings.

A

TRUE

41
Q

Who wrote most of what we know about Epicurus and his ideals?

A

Lucretius

42
Q

According to Epicurus, what is the crucial thing to avoid?

A

Mental Pain

43
Q

What was the name of Epicurus’ philosophical community?

A

The Garden

44
Q

What 2 things was Epicurus against?

A
  • Love/Mariage
  • Politics
45
Q

Epicurus believed the whole world was composed of _________ and _________.

A

Atoms and Void

46
Q

True or False:

Epicurus invented the idea of the Atom.

A

FALSE

(He simply pushed it forward)

47
Q

What are Atoms according to Ancient Romans?

A
  • Indestructible particles
  • All matter is reducible to Atoms
48
Q

What is Void?

A

The space in which Atoms can move

49
Q

Why didn’t Epicurus believe in spirits?

A

Because everything that exists is composed of Atoms, everything is physical.

50
Q

Why did Epicurus see a non-Spiritual life as joyful?

A
  • Because in a NON-spiritual life, you never had to worry about death
  • You will die, and dissolve, but your Atoms will be in continuation
51
Q

Where do we get the word Atom?

A

From the Greek word, uncuttable

52
Q

How did Epicurus view the Gods?

A
  • He said there could be gods, but if there are any, they are simply beings who control atoms.
53
Q

When was Zeno around?

A

3rd Century BC

54
Q

Explain Zeno’s philosophy.

A

Nature is the most rational being. Therefore, it is irrational not to be a part of nature.

55
Q

According to Zeno, to live a life with nature is to live a life of ________.

A

Reason

56
Q

Who said that suicide is an honourable way to remove yourself from an unhappy life?

A

Seneca

57
Q

Seneca was forced to commit suicide by which Emperor?

A

Nero

58
Q

What are 3 common sayings about ancient Rome?

A
  • Rome wasn’t built in a day
  • When in Rome, do as the Romans do (implies Rome was a place of distinctive traditions)
  • All roads lead to Rome
59
Q

What are the 8 achievements and legacies of ancient Rome?

A
  • Military, Administrative, and Political Skills
  • Language
  • Literature
  • Law
  • Architecture and Engineering
  • Health and Sanitation
  • Art
  • Free welfare and Entertainment
60
Q

What are 4 POSITIVE Roman traits?

A
  • Honour and Civility
  • Lack of Racism
  • Multiculturalism
  • Memorization
61
Q

What are 11 NEGATIVE Roman traits?

A
  • Conservatism (lack of innovation)
  • Class gap
  • Gender gap
  • Lack of Human Rights
  • Slavery
  • Discrimination of physically and mentally challenged
  • Lack of Animal rights
  • Lack of environmental concern
  • Violence and Genocide
  • Religious Intolerance
  • Xenophobia
62
Q

Which medical condition was seen as particular to women?

A

Hysteria

Roman Civ (7 decks)

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