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Roman Civ > Week 12 > Flashcards

Week 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 reasons caused a lack of progress in Roman times?

A
  • Idealization of the past
  • Economic conservatism
  • Educational Emphasis (pushed towards theoretical learning instead)
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2
Q

What were the 6 areas of Roman progress?

A
  • Geography/Cartography
  • Medicine
  • Agricultural Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Military Engineering
  • Mechanical Engineering
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3
Q

What century saw the high point of Medicine in the Ancient World?

A

2nd Century AD

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4
Q

How many works on Medicine did Galen write?

A

150

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5
Q

1/__ of all surviving ancient Greek records are written by Galen.

A

1/8th

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6
Q

What was the Roman agricultural invention that ground grain?

A

Hourglass Mill

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7
Q

True or False:

The Romans were the first to use gears.

A

TRUE

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8
Q

What were Roman gears often made of?

A

Wood

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9
Q

What were gears pushed by?

A

Mules

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10
Q

When was the Water Lifting Wheel invented?

A

1st Century BC

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11
Q

Using the water lifting wheel, what did the Romans invent?

A

The Watermill

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12
Q

What did the Romans invent to press grapes and grain, etc?

A

The Screw Press

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13
Q

What is post-lintel structuring?

A

Two posts with a crossbeam at the top

(like a standard door frame)

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14
Q

What was the problem Romans found with post-lintel structuring?

A

You can’t build massive buildings with this method.

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15
Q

What did the Romans do instead of post-lintel structuring in order to create massive buildings?

A

They built arches instead.

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16
Q

What is the difference between Greek and Roman entasis?

A

Greek Entasis: Begins curve right at the very base

Roman Entasis: Starts off straight, then curves as it goes upwards.

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17
Q

What was the name of Rome’s sewer system?

A

Cloaca Maxima

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18
Q

When was the Cloaca Maxima first built?

A

6th Century BC

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19
Q

What is seen as Rome’s 3 most enduring achievements in infrastructure?

A
  • Sewers
  • Aqueducts
  • Roads
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20
Q

What percentage of Aqueducts ran underground?

A

90%

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21
Q

_________ Litres of water went into Rome each day at its height.

A

1 Billion

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22
Q

What technique was used to get aqueduct water to flow over valleys or inclines?

A

The Inverted Siphon System

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23
Q

Explain the inverted Siphon system.

A

If the water went down a hill fast enough, it would manage to gather enough speed to come up the other side as well

(think of a bicycle: going down, you need enough speed to make it up the incline up ahead.)

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24
Q

What were the 2 most famous triumphal arches?

A
  • Arch of Titus
  • Arch of Constantine
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25
When did the Romans master the architecture of the Dome?
2nd Century AD
26
What were the 3 main types of columns?
- Corinthian - Ionic - Doric
27
What is the name for the complex of various emperors forums in Rome?
The Imperial Fora
28
What was the most advanced forum in the Imperial Fora?
Trajan's Forum
29
Where was the first ever shopping mall?
Trajan's Forum
30
When and where was the Ballista invented?
4th c. BC Greece
31
What is the name for a Roman catapult?
Onager (means donkey) (it kicks like a donkey)
32
When was the water clock (klepsydra) first used?
3rd C. BC Greece
33
What did the little gear inside an oil lamp do?
It rolled the wick further and further up as it shortened.
34
With what device were people able to tell the distance they travelled?
Odometer
35
How did the Odometer work?
It dropped a pebble at each mile, so driver can see how many pebbles are missing to determine how far they've gone.
36
What were the 2 main philosophers popular in Ancient Rome?
- Zeno - Epicurus
37
What are Roman philosophers concerned with?
How to live life with happiness
38
Describe Philosophy as a metaphor of a human body
Skeleton: Logic (How can we know) Flesh: Physics/Metaphysics (What can we know) Soul: Ethics (How should I lead my life)
39
During what Roman age did Epicurus live?
Mid-Republic (3rd C. BC)
40
True or False: We don't have a lot of Epicurus' writings.
TRUE
41
Who wrote most of what we know about Epicurus and his ideals?
Lucretius
42
According to Epicurus, what is the crucial thing to avoid?
Mental Pain
43
What was the name of Epicurus' philosophical community?
The Garden
44
What 2 things was Epicurus against?
- Love/Mariage - Politics
45
Epicurus believed the whole world was composed of _________ and _________.
Atoms and Void
46
True or False: Epicurus invented the idea of the Atom.
FALSE (He simply pushed it forward)
47
What are Atoms according to Ancient Romans?
- Indestructible particles - All matter is reducible to Atoms
48
What is Void?
The space in which Atoms can move
49
Why didn't Epicurus believe in spirits?
Because everything that exists is composed of Atoms, everything is physical.
50
Why did Epicurus see a non-Spiritual life as joyful?
- Because in a NON-spiritual life, you never had to worry about death - You will die, and dissolve, but your Atoms will be in continuation
51
Where do we get the word Atom?
From the Greek word, uncuttable
52
How did Epicurus view the Gods?
- He said there could be gods, but if there are any, they are simply beings who control atoms.
53
When was Zeno around?
3rd Century BC
54
Explain Zeno's philosophy.
Nature is the most rational being. Therefore, it is irrational not to be a part of nature.
55
According to Zeno, to live a life with nature is to live a life of ________.
Reason
56
Who said that suicide is an honourable way to remove yourself from an unhappy life?
Seneca
57
Seneca was forced to commit suicide by which Emperor?
Nero
58
What are 3 common sayings about ancient Rome?
- Rome wasn't built in a day - When in Rome, do as the Romans do (implies Rome was a place of distinctive traditions) - All roads lead to Rome
59
What are the 8 achievements and legacies of ancient Rome?
- Military, Administrative, and Political Skills - Language - Literature - Law - Architecture and Engineering - Health and Sanitation - Art - Free welfare and Entertainment
60
What are 4 POSITIVE Roman traits?
- Honour and Civility - Lack of Racism - Multiculturalism - Memorization
61
What are 11 NEGATIVE Roman traits?
- Conservatism (lack of innovation) - Class gap - Gender gap - Lack of Human Rights - Slavery - Discrimination of physically and mentally challenged - Lack of Animal rights - Lack of environmental concern - Violence and Genocide - Religious Intolerance - Xenophobia
62
Which medical condition was seen as particular to women?
Hysteria

Roman Civ (7 decks)

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