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Roman Civ > Week 11 > Flashcards

Week 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an arena?

A

The oval in the middle of the amphitheatre

(NOT the amphitheatre itself)

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2
Q

When was the Amphitheatre first developed?

A

1st century BC (late republic)

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3
Q

What does Arena mean in Latin?

A

Sand

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4
Q

What did they use before permanent amphitheatres?

A

Temporary wooden stands in the streets.

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5
Q

Why were amphitheatres oval and not circular?

A
  • Because when amphitheatres were temporary, they had to squeeze in as many seats as possible in the narrow streets.
  • Also gave better visibility to all seats
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6
Q

What is the earliest stone amphitheatre?

A

Theatre of Pompeii

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7
Q

What is the Colosseum named after?

A

The Nero Colossus statue

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8
Q

How did they get the money to build the Colosseum?

A

Plundered riches from the war in Jerusalem

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9
Q

Which Imperial dynasty built the Colosseum?

A

The Flavians

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10
Q

Who was in charge of controlling the awnings at the Colosseum?

A

Sailors

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11
Q

Who got front row seats at the Colosseum?

A
  • Imperial household
  • Senators
  • Foreign Ambassador
  • Priests/Priestesses
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12
Q

How many people could the Colosseum hold?

A

50 000

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13
Q

What were the Colosseum’s seating arrangements?

A

1st row: Imperial Household, Senators, Foreign Ambassadors, Priests/Priestesses

2nd row: Equestrians

3rd row: Freeborn Male citizens

4th row: Male non-citizens

last row: Women

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14
Q

What was the name for the Gladiator School?

A

Ludus Magnus

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15
Q

How did the Ludus Magnus house Gladiators?

A

In cells

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16
Q

What connected the Ludus Magnus to the Colosseum?

A

An underground tunnel

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17
Q

What was the typical amphitheatre events schedule established by Augustus?

A
  1. Cena Libera (pre-game dinner)
  2. Pompa (morning procession)(parade around the arena)
  3. Venationes (animal fights)
  4. Meridiani (Mid-day executions)
  5. Munera (afternoon gladiators)
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18
Q

At what stage in the event schedule were myths and historical reenactments performed?

A

The Meridiani

(They dressed up prisoners as mythological characters or historical figures, to be eaten or killed brutally)

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19
Q

What was the first type of gladiator?

A

Samnite

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19
Q

True or False

They often put dark spins on mythological stories and found it humorous

A

TRUE

(ex. they would give a prisoner dressed as Orpheus to tame the wild animals, but he would simply be devoured by them)

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20
Q

What were the 2 most popular gladiatorial match-up duels?

A
  1. Murmillo VS. Thraex
  2. Retiarius VS. Secutor
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21
Q

Which gladiator class, armed like a legionary, was known as the “fishman”?

A

Murmillo

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22
Q

How did Cicero view religion?

A
  • Cicero didn’t outright believe in the god’s existence
  • BUT, he found value in the social importance of religion
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23
Q

True or False:

Despite not believing in the gods, Cicero was a priest!

A

TRUE

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24
Q

What was the formal name for the Roman religion?

A

The Faith of our Fathers

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25
Q

In what year did Rome Christianize?

A

313 AD

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26
Q

Who was the first Christian Emperor?

A

Constantine

27
Q

What proclamation made Roman Christianization official?

A

Edict of Milan (313 AD)

28
Q

True or False:

Romans believed that their gods were creators.

A

FALSE

They did not believe the gods were creators

29
Q

Physically, the Roman gods were _______

A

Anthropomorphic

30
Q

True or False:

The Romans had one central Holy Book

A

FALSE

31
Q

Who was the chief male deity?

A

Jupiter

32
Q

Who is god of the sea?

A

Neptune

33
Q

What is the “Peace of the Gods” formally called?

A

Pax Deorum

34
Q

True or False:

Romans thought ALL of their gods looked like humans

A

FALSE

Only most of them

35
Q

What is the word for gaining the god’s favour?

A

Propitiate

36
Q

Which Egyptian Goddess did Rome worship?

A

Isis

37
Q

What is the word describing a human becoming a god?

A

Apeothesis

38
Q

Who decided if an Emperor was to be made a god?

A

The Senate

39
Q

What was the name of the crossroads and household guardian deities?

A

Lares Compitales

40
Q

What was the name of the Lares shrine in each household?

A

Lararia

41
Q

Who was in charge of household religion?

A

Paterfamilias

42
Q

What did the paterfamilias have to do every morning?

A

Pray and sacrifice to the household lararia

(a sacrifice could simply be burning incense)

43
Q

What were the 5 aspects/duties of Roman religion?

A
  • Assigned Priests/Priestesses
  • Building and Maintaining Temples
  • Celebrating festivals
  • Suppressing dangerous/intolerant religions
  • Conducting Rituals
44
Q

What was the highest Priest position held by the emperor?

A

Pontifex Maximus

45
Q

What was the name of the temple dedicated to ALL gods?

A

Pantheon

46
Q

In which festival did the Romans serve their slaves?

A

Saturnalia

47
Q

What was the iconic action of Saturnalia?

A

Loosening the bonds on Saturn’s hands

(on the statue)

48
Q

Where were the rituals performed for Saturnalia?

A

The Temple of Saturn

49
Q

True or False:

Saturnalia inspired Christmas for its gift giving tradition.

A

TRUE!

50
Q

What was one defining liberty granted only during Saturnalia?

A

The suspension of most laws.

51
Q

Gambling on games of chance was illegal, except during ____________

A

Saturnalia

52
Q

Which cult did the Roman’s shut down due to its murderous kidnapping rituals?

A

Cult of Bacchus

53
Q

What did the Romans force Christians to do?

A

To either make a sacrifice to a Roman god, or be killed

54
Q

What were the 5 types of rituals?

A
  • Sacrifice/ Votive offering
  • Prayer
  • Vow
  • Divination (gaining information from the gods)
  • Apotropaic Rite (warding away evil spirits and protecting an individual)
55
Q

What is Augury?

A

Interpreting bird flight patterns as signs from the Gods

56
Q

What is the name for interpreting animals entrails as messages from the gods?

A

Extiscipy

57
Q

What is the name for Interpreting bird flight patterns as signs from the gods?

A

Augury

58
Q

What is Extuscipy?

A

Interpreting animals entrails as messages from the gods

59
Q

True or False:

The bigger the animal, the bigger the dedication.

A

TRUE

60
Q

How did animal sacrifices work?

A

You slaughtered the animal and cooked the meat, so the fumes go up to the sky as offering

(You could still eat the meat after, so many had feasts)

61
Q

What is the word for turning away evil?

A

Apotropaic

62
Q

Why were the Romans more sparing with Jews than Christians?

A

Because Jews didn’t actively try to convert people, but Christians did.

63
Q

What was the name of the festival in which young naked men ran around the Palatine hill to cleanse the city?

A

Lupercalia

64
Q

Who were the young men who ran around Palatine hill during Lupercalia?

A

Young men from collegiums of lesser priests

Roman Civ (7 decks)

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