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Pharm II > week 12+13 > Flashcards

week 12+13 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is the first line drug to tx immune mediated dz

A

Corticosteroids

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3
Q

Corticosteroid dose for cats vs dog

A

Cats require 2x dose than dogs do because have a lower number of glucocorticoid receptors in liver and skin, and have a decreased binding affinity of glucocorticoid receptors

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4
Q

What glucocorticoid is used for cats

A

Prednisolone

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5
Q

Three “anti-metabolites”

A

1) Azathioprine
2) Mycophenolate Mofetil
3) Leflunomide

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6
Q

Azathioprine MOA

A

(anti metabolite): 6TGN (active metabolite) incorporated into DNA -> cytotoxic and immunosupressive

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7
Q

Onset of action for Azathioprine

A

2-5 weeks – so it is NOT a first line treatment

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8
Q

Azathioprine adverse effects

A

Myelosupression, GI upset
Never give to cats because they lack ThioPurineMethylTransferase

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9
Q

Azathioprine is used for…

A

Dermatological disease, IMHA, IBD

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10
Q

Mycophenolate Mofetil MOA

A

(anti metabolite) Inhibit imosine monophosphate dehydrogenase which suppresses lymphocyte proliferation and suppresses antibody synthesis by B cells

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11
Q

Mycopheonlate Mofetil adverse effect

A

GI (DIARRHEA)

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12
Q

Leflunomide MOA

A

(anti metabolite) inhibit synthesis of pyrimidine by inhibiting enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which messes with the function of B and T cells

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13
Q

Leflunomide is used for…

A

Use when other drugs don’t work (not first line)

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14
Q

Two T cell inhibitors

A

1) Cyclosporine/Atopica
2) Tacrolimus

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15
Q

Cyclosporine/atopica MOA

A

Binds to calcineuria -> suppress nuclear factor of activated T cells -> inhibits T cell receptor activated signal transduction pathway -> SUPPRESSES IL-2 AND TNFa AND BLOCKS T CELL PROLIFERATION

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16
Q

Use of cyclopsorine for dogs vs cats

A

Dogs: atopic dermatitis, perianal fistula, (ophthalmic use=KCS)
Cat: allergic dermatitis

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17
Q

What drug should you administer Cyclosporine with and why

A

Cyclosporine is metabolized by CYTP450, so administer with Ketoconazole because it inhibits CYTP450

18
Q

Cyclosporine adverse effects

A

GINIGIVAL HYPERPLASIA, papillomatosis, hyperkeratosis of footpads, coat shedding, hirtuism

19
Q

Tacrolimus is used for…

A

Topical administration for perianal fistulas

20
Q

MOA of alkylating agents

A

Prevent DNA replication, has cytotoxic effect on lymphocytes, can directly suppress B cell activity and no AB formation

21
Q

Active metabolite in Cyclophosphamide

A

Acrolein

22
Q

Cyclophosphamide adverse effect

A

Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis due to metabolite acrolein

23
Q

What drug do you administer Cyclophosphamide with in order to mitigate adverse effects?

A

Furosemide – administer in morning, make sure animal has high water intake, give animal many opportunities to urinate throughout the day

24
Q

Cyclophosphamide is used for…

A

Lymphoma in dogs and cats

25
Q

Chlorambucil is used for…

A

bladder transitional cell carcinoma
also an alternative to cyclophosphamide if don’t want sterile hem cystitis

26
Q

Benefit of using Melphalan instead of Cyclophosphamide

A

Does not require metabolic activation

27
Q

Which two alkylating agents cross the BBB?

A

Melphalan and Lomustine

28
Q

Melphalan is used for…

A

Oral med for multiple myeloma

29
Q

Melphalan adverse effects

A

Myelosuppression – NEUTROPENIA

30
Q

Lomustine use for dogs vs cats

A

Dogs: lymphoma, mast cell tumor, HISTIOCYTIC SARCOMA
Cats: lymphoma, mast cell tumor

31
Q

What drug do you give concurrently with Lomustine to mitigate adverse effects

A

Denamarin (hepatoprotectant) because lomustine has excessive hepatic metabolism and causes increased liver enzymes

32
Q

Doxorubicin adverse effects

A

Cardiotoxic in dogs (can cause CHF)
Nephrotoxic in cats
Hair loss, sin hyperpigmentation
Anaphylactic reaction if administer IV too quickly

33
Q

What drug can cause blue-green urine or blush colored sclera

A

Mitoxantrone (it is not concerning)

34
Q

Toceranib/Mastinib MOA

A

Competitive inhibitor of ATP binding and blocks receptor tyroskine kinase that is on cell surface

35
Q

What is a topical NSAID that can be used to tx uveitis

A

Diclofenac

36
Q

TX KCS in dogs

A

Cyclosporine/Tacrolimus (t-cell inhibitors)

37
Q

Two Abs to tx superficial septic ulcer

A

Bacitran (IA) + Polymixin B (HPCIA)

38
Q

Two Abs that tx pseudomonas

A

Polymixin B (HPCIA) + Fluoroquinolone 2nd gen-ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (HPCIA)

39
Q

Tx for feline mycoplasma

A

Erythromycin (Macrolide)

40
Q

Tx for chlamydia conjunctivitis

A

Erythromycin (Macrolide)

41
Q
A

Pharm II (3 decks)

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