Week 11| Transmission model of communication Flashcards
What is the process the message goes through when it goes from encoded to decoded?
Encoded > Communicator (who) > Message (says what) > Channel (How) > Receiver (To whom) > Effect (why) > decoding
What is the encoding and decoding process shaped by?
- environment, background, experiences
- Values, attitudes and personality
- relationship between sender and receiver
- non-verbal communication
- perceptual limitations
What is the encoding and decoding process shaped by?
- Environment, background and experiences
- values, attitudes and personality
- relationship between sender and receiver
- non-verbal communication
- perceptual limits
How can distortion be identified and eliminated?
By correctly identifying:
- The function of message
- What network to use
- What channel to send it through or use
- How to direct it/ which direction it goes
- Frequency and load of the message
List out the first two steps to eliminate distortion in detail
- Functional design:
Design message to fit the function
- Organizing: Is it about getting people to do things, establish rules, regulations, policies etc
- Relationship: Is it about establishing relationships between people
- Change: Is it about learning problem solving and adaption? - Networks
- Networks can be Informal, formal or technological
- Managers need to accurately identify networks they are targeting
- Networks are always leaky and grapevine is a good network map
What is step 3 to eliminate distortion?
- Channel: Choosing the right medium
- Notify everyone in your department of the day, time and venue of a meeting
- Coordinate two CLOSE colleagues to set up the meeting
- Give negative feedback to a member of your department on their performance
- Ask boss for a promotion
What is step 4 to eliminate distortion?
Direction; To whom should I send my message to: Horizontal: colleague Upward: your boss Downward: subordinates External: media or customers
What is step 5 to eliminate distortion
Step 5: The frequency of the message
What is too much or too little information:
How may messages does it take to get the message across?
How detailed does the message need to be?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of functional theory?
Advantages:
- helps managers choose between different ways of crafting messages
- logical approach to information
- identifies key areas of the communication process where things could go wrong
Disadvantages:
- communication can take place intentionally or unintentionally, even without deliberating and passing on a message
- meanings are not passed on but rather based on those shared meanings
- Communication has greater effects than the receiver getting the what of the message
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What are the assumptions of meaning centred approach?
- Communicating is not simply about transacting messages on a one-off basis
- All human interaction is communicative whether intended or not
- Individuals and groups are constantly communicating and, on this basis, shared understandings/ meanings develop
- These shared meanings shape our experience of what we believe the organization is/what it represents
- people act on the basis of the meaning they make out of situations (what they see and hear) and whether the share those meanings and values
What can managers use metaphors to do?
- Change the way we think and act as individuals
- Legitimize organizational practices (i.e., organizing, and decision-making power and influence socialisation and culture)
- Appeal to a certain identity that is appropriate for the given situation
Whats the first metaphor?
Machine #1: the organization as a machine
- Using a machine metaphor legitimizes specific organizational practices ( see diagram in next slide)
Associations:
- Fix and maintain
- Find experts to fix the problem; maybe change the organization or retrain the operators
- Change agent= mechanic
- Organizational image: the organization as a ‘machine’
What is the second metaphor?
Metaphor #2- developmental ‘the brain as organization’
- Using a ‘developmental’ metaphor legitimizes specific organizational practices
Associations:
- Build and develop
- Build on foundations; develop people
- Change agent= coach
- Example of organizational image: the organization as a brain
What is the third metaphor?
Metaphor #3- transitional: The ship as organization
- Using a transitional metaphor legitimizes specific organizational practices
Associations:
- Move and relocate
- Change agent- explorer guide
- Need to move on: take a journey, leave old ways behind; find someone to take us there
- Example of organizational image: the organization as an entity on the move/ a journey
What is the fourth metaphor?
Metaphor #4- transformational ‘the butterfly as organization’
- Using a transformational metaphor legitimizes specific organizational practices
Associations:
- Liberate and recreate
- Change agent= visionary creator
- Example of organizational image: the organization as caterpillar and butterfly
