week 11 Thermoregulation Interactions Ecosystem Structure:

Question 1

regulating body temperature is called?

Answer 1

THERMOREGULATION

Question 2

Why are high fevers bad?

Answer 2

high fevers that linger or worsen can cause significant health complications if left untreated.

Question 3

cell membranes - how does body temp impact cells?

Answer 3

Cells function best at normal physiological temperature, which is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit in warm-blooded animals like humans.
If body temperature increases, for example during a high fever, the cell membrane can become more fluid. If temperature is too low, cells can become rigid

Question 4

WHY might that be a problem for

NEURONS?

Answer 4

neurons are temperature sensitive

Question 5

What thermoregulation is and why is it important?

Answer 5

Thermoregulation is a process that allows your body to maintain its core internal temperature.

Question 6

Name some factors that can raise your internal temperature

Answer 6

fever
exercise
digestion

Question 7

Name some factors that can lower your internal temperature

Answer 7

drug use
alcohol use
metabolic conditions, such as an under-functioning thyroid gland

Question 8

What are enzymes?

Answer 8

proteins that perform many cell

functions, including digestion, growth, and repair.

Question 9

What happens when enzymes get warmer?

Answer 9

they speed up - but at different rates

Question 10

if your body temperature falls to 95°F (35°C) or lower, you have …

Answer 10

“hypothermia.” This condition can potentially lead to cardiac arrest, brain damage, or even death.

Question 11

What happens if enzymes get too cold?

Answer 11

their molecular movement decreases. All enzymes work on contact, so when one of these enzymes comes in contact with the right substrate, it starts to work immediately. Too slow or too fast and the process doesn’t work right

Question 12

what does endothermic mean in humans??

Answer 12

They generate body heat by processing food
molecules with the help of oxygen.
They CONTROL it with insulation (fur or
feathers), blood flow, sweating, behavior, etc.

Question 13

ECTOTHERMIC ANIMALS do what??

Answer 13

control of their BODY TEMPERATURE is determined
mainly by the SURROUNDINGS.
Can be warm OR cool, depending on the
situation. Control it mainly by BEHAVIOR.

Question 14

“BASKING” or absorbing radiant heat from the sun describes what?

Answer 14

BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION

Question 15

lowered body temperature and metabolic rate are called…

Answer 15

HIBERNATION & TORPOR

Question 16

Avoiding seasonal temperatures changes

by moving ELSEWHERE is known as?

Answer 16

Migration

Question 17

In endotherms, thermoregulation can be…

Answer 17

Both voluntary (behavioral) and 
involuntary (reflex) responses.

Question 18

The BRAIN controls body

temperature with

Answer 18

automatic

“FEEDBACK LOOPS.”

Question 19

what does homeostasis do?

Answer 19

it is the self-regulating process by which biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival.

Question 20

what’s the point of shivering?

Answer 20

More body heat is generated.

Question 21

How SHIVERING works

Answer 21

Muscle contractions require energy

and may also cause some warmth by friction.

Question 22

The FUR on a bumblebee is decorative. true or false?

Answer 22

false - The insulating FUR on a bumblebee helps

to keep the flight muscles WARM.

Question 23

why is sweating or perspiring useful?

Answer 23

When sweat EVAPORATES away from

your skin, it takes lots of HEAT with it.

Question 24

HOW and WHY does cold sometimes

give your skin a warm FLUSH?

Answer 24

Smooth muscles in the walls of the tiny blood
capillaries of your skin RELAX.
This makes the vessels EXPAND, which
allows more warm blood to enter the skin.

Question 25

what is radiative cooling?

Answer 25

the process by which a body loses heat by thermal radiation - It what you can see when you use a thermal imaging system

Question 26

animals with large what are good at radiative cooling?

Answer 26

Ears - elephants, rabbits

Question 27

WHY do warm animals PANT?

Answer 27

To cool off -They “sweat” through their MOUTH
EVAPORATIVE cooling from mouth & 
lungs RADIATIVE cooling of tongue & 
lungs CONVECTIVE cooling of mouth & 
lungs

Question 28

Does alcohol really warm you up?

Answer 28

NO - RELAXES SMOOTH MUSCLES
Capillaries expand.
Warming of the skin around the expanded
blood vessels FEELS like you’re warmer

Question 29

what are warning signs of hypothermia?

Answer 29

confusion, shivering, difficulty speaking, sleepiness muscle stiffness

Question 30

What a predator does is called

Answer 30

predation.

Question 31

The ancient
“STRUGGLE FOR
EXISTENCE” is a
driving force of

Answer 31

adaptation and

EVOLUTION.

Question 32

ADAPTATION TO
PREDATION AND THE
DEFENSES AGAINST IT

Answer 32

DOES A LOT TO SHAPE
THE WAY SPECIES
LOOK AND ACT.

Question 33

Examples of passive physical defenses are…

Answer 33

Spines, protective hairs, camouflage,
mimicry, etc. Cactus spines are mutated
versions of leaves

Question 34

CHEMICAL DEFENSES are often

Answer 34

derived from waste products that would

normally be excreted.

Question 35

Retaining them or mutating them to be more

toxic can be

Answer 35

advantageous for survival.

Question 36

CYANOBACTERIA make nerve and liver

toxins that

Answer 36

discourage zooplankton

(like Daphnia) from eating them.