Week 11 TBI

Question 1

Describe open head injuries

Answer 1

typically produce clean wounds, focal deficits, can produce diffuse damage through ischemia, haemorrhages, and oedema ,

Question 2

What are the 2 stages of closed head injury

Answer 2

primary - damage caused by impact

secondary - effects form the physiological processes set in motion at primary injury,

Question 3

name 2 mechanisms of closed head injury

Answer 3

static - hammer blow to head

acc/decc - motor vehicle/fall

Question 4

what is a coup injury

Answer 4

blow to head - skull may be fractured at point of injury, point of impact is the coup,

Question 5

what is a contrecoup injury

Answer 5

when the brain sustains a lesion opposite to the blow, result from a translational force, brain bounces off the opposite side of the brain - common following falls

Question 6

talk about rotational force injury to the brain

Answer 6

rotational acc of the brain puts strain on delicate nerve fibres and blood vessels of the brain, shearing forces - microscopic lesions throughout the brain, commonly frontal and temporal regions

Question 7

talk about DAI

Answer 7

rapid acc-decc energy is transformed into wave-form movements that result sin damage to the axons

Question 8

talk about secondary damage from tbi

Answer 8

haemorrhages alter blood volume and blood flow, results in increased pressure and swelling, pushing on brain and surrounding structure - if pushes on vital brainstem areas - death
raised ICP can create ischemias where no blood flow can get through

Question 9

Describe the glasgow coma scale, as well as some probs with it

Answer 9

x/15, eye opening, verbal response, motor response

if intubated can’t speak, left hemi lesion - can’t speak
effects of substances, medications

Question 10

name some neurological and psychiatric problems associate with TBI

Answer 10

balance, depression , fatigue, headaches, lack of awareness, movement disorders, personality changes, motor impairment, visual impairments

Question 11

Describe sever TBI

Answer 11

GCS 3-8, PTA 7 +, major probs,cog, emotional and executive,

Question 12

Describe moderate TBI

Answer 12

GCS 9-12 pta 1-7

many can rtw but never quite the same, EF dysfunction - careers stalled

Question 13

Describe mild TBI

Answer 13

GCS 13-15, initial confusion, transient problems - encouraged to RTW - no deficits evident until they go back to work

Question 14

Give some symptoms of post-concussion symptoms

Answer 14

memory, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, irritability, photophobia, concentration,

Question 15

What is a consequence of raised ICP?

Answer 15

Can reduce blood flow, creating ishemic blocks where blood cannot flow through.