WEEK 11: Oxygen Flashcards
why do we administer oxygen therapy?
To prevent or treat hypoxemia
What are the routes of administration?
1) Nasal cannula
2) Face masks
3) Non-invasive ventilation
4) Positive-pressure ventilators
What is hypoxia?
Insufficient oxygen to meet the metabolic demands of the tissues and cells. Decreased hemoglobin levels reduce amount of oxygen transported to the cells.
What do we assess for?
Cyanosis along with vitals and spO2 levels
True or false. O2 therapy is a medication?
true
What are some contradictions to O2 therapy?
In COPD, uncontrolled O2 increases risk of hypercapnia
Signs and symptoms associated with acute hypoxia
- decreased consciousness
- cardiac dysrhythmias
- using accessory muscles to breather aka rib contractions
- Increase pulse rate
- Pulse oximetry less than 95% or less than 88% for pt’s at risk of hypercapnia
True or false. high flow nasal cannula is more effective than other systems for oxygen administration?
False! Insufficient evidence to recommend this
True or false. Using spirometer alone prevents pulmonary complications in patients who have undergone upper abdominal surgery
False. No evidence to support this
What are some safety guidelines for oxygen administration?
- Know their vital signs
- Be aware of environment conditions
- Know hemoglobin levels
How far from heat sources should oxygen be?
3m = 10ft away
What material based product when used around oxygen can inflame it?
Petroleum-based gel
What are 2 high flow devices and their use?
1) Venturi mask: used for specific amount of O2
2) High flow nasal cannula
What are some low flow devices?
1) Nasal cannula (oxygen conserving): effective for low concentrations.
- Simple, effective, and comfortable. Inexpensive and disposable too
2) Simple face masks
What form of oxygen therapy is used in emergencies such as short acute periods of hypoxia?
Face mask with reservoir bag is used as a nonrebreather
What is a flowmeter?
This is what regulates the oxygen given. You read it from the middle of the ball. Units is L/m
What does humidity do to the oral and nasal mucous membranes?
Humidity prevents drying of these membranes and airway secretions at high flow rates
What flow rate does humidification = dryness and what flow rate when it doesn’t?
Flow rate LESS THAN 5 L/min = NO dryness
Flow rate GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 5 L/min = YES dryness
How is a nasal cannula applied in the nose (the position)?
Point downwards inside nostrils then loop cannula over pt’s ears
How do you administer oxygen to a pt with an artificial airway?
Humidification is required and the only ones that can supply oxygen and humidification at the same time are:
1) T tube
2) tracheostomy collar
Why use a spirometer?
Helps pt by providing visual feedback and encourages patient to take long, deep and slow breaths
What combination is used with spirometer?
- Deep breathing
- Coughing
- Early mobility
What are the 2 types of spirometer measurements you can use?
1) Flow oriented (ball)
2) Volume oriented
How do you instruct pt to use a spirometer?
Instruct patient to take a slow deep breath and maintain constant flow like pulling through a straw. If flow oriented IS used, INHALATION should RAISE the ball. If volume oriented is used, INHALATION should RAISE the piston. Remove mouthpiece at max inhalation then have pt hold their breath for 3 seconds and exhale normally
Why do we use oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?
Allows for suction and maintenance of airway patency in unconscious patient
How do we select the size of the OPA?
We measure from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw just below the ear
How do we insert OPA?
Hold OPA curved end up and insert until it reaches the back of the throat then turn it 180 degrees and follow natural curve of tongue
what oxygen form do we use for specific oxgyen saturations?
venturi masks
what oxygen form do we use for low oxygen concentrations?
low flow nasal cannula
what oxygen form do we use for acute hypoxia or short period of time?
face mask with bag reservoir as a partial or non rebreather
