WEEK 11: Oxygen

Question 1

why do we administer oxygen therapy?

Answer 1

To prevent or treat hypoxemia

Question 2

What are the routes of administration?

Answer 2

1) Nasal cannula
2) Face masks
3) Non-invasive ventilation
4) Positive-pressure ventilators

Question 3

What is hypoxia?

Answer 3

Insufficient oxygen to meet the metabolic demands of the tissues and cells. Decreased hemoglobin levels reduce amount of oxygen transported to the cells.

Question 4

What do we assess for?

Answer 4

Cyanosis along with vitals and spO2 levels

Question 5

True or false. O2 therapy is a medication?

Answer 5

true

Question 6

What are some contradictions to O2 therapy?

Answer 6

In COPD, uncontrolled O2 increases risk of hypercapnia

Question 7

Signs and symptoms associated with acute hypoxia

Answer 7

• decreased consciousness
• cardiac dysrhythmias
• using accessory muscles to breather aka rib contractions
• Increase pulse rate
• Pulse oximetry less than 95% or less than 88% for pt’s at risk of hypercapnia

Question 8

True or false. high flow nasal cannula is more effective than other systems for oxygen administration?

Answer 8

False! Insufficient evidence to recommend this

Question 9

True or false. Using spirometer alone prevents pulmonary complications in patients who have undergone upper abdominal surgery

Answer 9

False. No evidence to support this

Question 10

What are some safety guidelines for oxygen administration?

Answer 10

• Know their vital signs
• Be aware of environment conditions
• Know hemoglobin levels

Question 11

How far from heat sources should oxygen be?

Answer 11

3m = 10ft away

Question 12

What material based product when used around oxygen can inflame it?

Answer 12

Petroleum-based gel

Question 13

What are 2 high flow devices and their use?

Answer 13

1) Venturi mask: used for specific amount of O2

2) High flow nasal cannula

Question 14

What are some low flow devices?

Answer 14

1) Nasal cannula (oxygen conserving): effective for low concentrations.
- Simple, effective, and comfortable. Inexpensive and disposable too

2) Simple face masks

Question 15

What form of oxygen therapy is used in emergencies such as short acute periods of hypoxia?

Answer 15

Face mask with reservoir bag is used as a nonrebreather

Question 16

What is a flowmeter?

Answer 16

This is what regulates the oxygen given. You read it from the middle of the ball. Units is L/m

Question 17

What does humidity do to the oral and nasal mucous membranes?

Answer 17

Humidity prevents drying of these membranes and airway secretions at high flow rates

Question 18

What flow rate does humidification = dryness and what flow rate when it doesn’t?

Answer 18

Flow rate LESS THAN 5 L/min = NO dryness

Flow rate GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 5 L/min = YES dryness

Question 19

How is a nasal cannula applied in the nose (the position)?

Answer 19

Point downwards inside nostrils then loop cannula over pt’s ears

Question 20

How do you administer oxygen to a pt with an artificial airway?

Answer 20

Humidification is required and the only ones that can supply oxygen and humidification at the same time are:

           1) T tube 
           2) tracheostomy collar

Question 21

Why use a spirometer?

Answer 21

Helps pt by providing visual feedback and encourages patient to take long, deep and slow breaths

Question 22

What combination is used with spirometer?

Answer 22

• Deep breathing
• Coughing
• Early mobility

Question 23

What are the 2 types of spirometer measurements you can use?

Answer 23

1) Flow oriented (ball)

2) Volume oriented

Question 24

How do you instruct pt to use a spirometer?

Answer 24

Instruct patient to take a slow deep breath and maintain constant flow like pulling through a straw. If flow oriented IS used, INHALATION should RAISE the ball. If volume oriented is used, INHALATION should RAISE the piston. Remove mouthpiece at max inhalation then have pt hold their breath for 3 seconds and exhale normally

Question 25

Why do we use oropharyngeal airway (OPA)?

Answer 25

Allows for suction and maintenance of airway patency in unconscious patient

Question 26

How do we select the size of the OPA?

Answer 26

We measure from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw just below the ear

Question 27

How do we insert OPA?

Answer 27

Hold OPA curved end up and insert until it reaches the back of the throat then turn it 180 degrees and follow natural curve of tongue

Question 28

what oxygen form do we use for specific oxgyen saturations?

Answer 28

venturi masks

Question 29

what oxygen form do we use for low oxygen concentrations?

Answer 29

low flow nasal cannula

Question 30

what oxygen form do we use for acute hypoxia or short period of time?

Answer 30

face mask with bag reservoir as a partial or non rebreather