Week 11 - internally generated percept's

Question 1

Examples of spontaneous experiences___________

Answer 1

Dreaming
Mind wandering / day dreaming
flash backs

Question 2

Characteristics of spontaneous experiences_________

Answer 2

1) are internally generated
2) phenomenologically varied (can exp thoughs, imagery, speech)
3) can be intentional OR unintentional
4) can be task-oriented/not
5) is flexible

Question 3

Day dreaming about something that the lecturer is talking about is classified as spontaneous experience (T/F)

Answer 3

FALSE - not ‘sponaneous’ bc relates to immediate environment

Question 4

Wanting to remember your dream will have ________ effect on it happening

Answer 4

POSITIVE - if you want to = more likely to do so

Question 5

Normally, we spend______ amount of time not thinking about our environment

Answer 5

50-75% spend mind wandering

Question 6

The MOST common theme of dreams is

Answer 6

being chased, pursued NOT injured

Question 7

Children’s dreams are often characterised by

Answer 7

Basic contents, walking eating etc., lala, MORE likely to have lucid dreaming

Question 8

NREM dreams are characterised

Answer 8

More logical, LESS bizarre, more fixed images

Question 9

REM dreaming associated with ________ dreams

Answer 9

Scenarios, stories, vivid, potentially scary

Question 10

We dream the same thing throughout the whole night (T/F)

Answer 10

FALSE

Question 11

SWS is associated with dreaming

Answer 11

FALSE - in NREM/REM only

Question 12

Dreams are studied by ______ whereas mind wandering is studied by______

Answer 12

Dreams - wake someone up and ask what they were dreaming about
MW - just ask intermittently about thoughts

Question 13

The 2 dimensions of MW are_______

Answer 13

task relatedness

origin - i.e. self generated // perceptually stimulated

Question 14

When mind is perceptually guided AND task related, likely that we are _________

Answer 14

focused on the task

Question 15

When mind is occupied with SELF sitmulated inctivity that is NOT task related, this is a state of

Answer 15

Mind wandering

Question 16

Disctractions occur when

Answer 16

When there is task relation + attention to PERCEPTUAL stimuli i.e. doing a test // listening to someone tap their foot behind you

Question 17

Day dreaming is the SAME as midn wandering (T/F)

Answer 17

FALSE - mind wandering is often while engaging in task whereas DD is done in free time voluntarily,

Question 18

One way to categorise mind wandering is temporality, MOSTLY we think about ______

Answer 18

future - explained as the CURRENT environment is not sufficiently engaging -> we think of what we will do next

Question 19

Sleep is a loss of consciousness

Answer 19

FALSE - high conc in light sleep –> conscious and think that you are NOT sleeping, conc REM,
little conc in SWS

Question 20

Deep sleep = no cosnciousness

Answer 20

FALSE - REM is a deep sleep, difficult to wake from but we are still conscious and dream here

Question 21

In relation to proportion of time MW, working has _______MW than love making

Answer 21

LESS mind wandering

Question 22

Mind wandering is asosciated with _________ affect

Answer 22

LOW affect - may be guilt induced

Question 23

How are spontaneous experiences measured subjectively?

Answer 23

‘just ask’ - restrospectively ‘were you paying attention THEN’?
Self caught // probe caught

Question 24

advantage of retrospective inquiry of spontaneous experience is

Answer 24

Person can FINISH the task they’re doing without interference and then you ask –> ecologically valid

Question 25

Probe caught MW may be better than self-caught, WHY?

Answer 25

Sometimes we are not aware that we engage in MW = we will NOT report it immediately or restrospectively

Question 26

Serial experience sampling is________

Answer 26

way of studying sleep, waking up person consecutively

Question 27

When we consume alcohol, the amount of MW that you can self recall___________

Answer 27

Amount of MW that you CAN self-recall decreases | =become less self aware and is better detected by probe

Question 28

The major issue of 'just ask' methodology is_______

Answer 28

How OFTEN do we ask? Agreed that about 1min ish --

Question 29

We usually have good awareness of our own perforamnce in different states

Answer 29

FALSE - will day with/out alcoh is the SAME but objectively is worse

Question 30

Objective measures of mind wandering are______

Answer 30

Reaction time; eye movements other physiological measures

Question 31

'dream catching' is a process of

Answer 31

Waking people that are in the lightest part of sleep (just drifting off) and asking what they were dreaming about

Question 32

There is a way we can decode the contents and onset of dreaming (T/F)

Answer 32

TRUE - matching MRI brain waves with X objects / scenes = able to PREDICT what person was dreaming about

Question 33

The DISADVANTAGE of dream catching is_______

Answer 33

it requires a long time, + data is NOT transferrable to other people

Question 34

Ocular recording can infer alertness state from the _________

Answer 34

Pattern of movement in reading how they move from words

Question 35

MW can be inferred from a reading task when________

Answer 35

We see that fixation is skewed on separated words, is BIDIRECTIONAL,

Question 36

In a waking state we can make smooth pursuit eye movements, if conscious and asked to imagine following a fly smoothly in a figure 8, we will not be able to do so

Answer 36

TRUE - imagination of following object smoothly is not possible while awake

Question 37

How do we know we can trust dream reports?

Answer 37

Smooth pursuit = valid, shows that subject is in a state that is very similar to actually looking at a real target (opposed to an imagined one)

Question 38

Imagination and dreams are synonymous in their relationship to perception

Answer 38

WRONG - dreaming is much closer to actual perception than imagination

Question 39

REM sleep behaviours __________ remembered

Answer 39

ARE remembered, can recall dreams

Question 40

Sleep paralysis is when ___________ and was first described as _______sensation

Answer 40

You are AWAKE but can't move, sensation of demon on your chest preventing you from moving

Question 41

MW can be manipulated by_______

Answer 41

changing DIFFICULTY STRESS MOTIVATION

Question 42

Increasing difficulty // stress will result in _______MW

Answer 42

MORE MW

Question 43

In a veyr easy task, you will have _______MW compared to a hard task

Answer 43

EASY- intentional mind wandering | HARD - unintentional mind wandering

Question 44

Sleeping can be maipulated by__________

Answer 44

Applying electrical stimulation to the PFC = incr awareness in dreaming nutritional techniques

Question 45

According to IIT, the baseline of conc is

Answer 45

SWS - where the brain is ENTIRELY in sync rather than region dependent and discrimination of inf is disabled

Question 46

The major NT associated with sleep are __________

Answer 46

acetylcholine and norepipnepherine

Question 47

Acetyl choline is important for ______and is present in_________

Answer 47

learning, memory, WAKE/REM

Question 48

Norepinepherine is used for _______and present in _______

Answer 48

arousal, attention | ABSENT in sleep

Question 49

We are 'conscious' in REM and therefore the PFC is active

Answer 49

FALSE - PFC is inactive bc in deep sleep

Question 50

The amygdala is MOST active during

Answer 50

night - REM

Question 51

Dreaming often associated with _____ region

Answer 51

POSTERIOR region

Question 52

Which area has been implicated in causing dreams?

Answer 52

BRAINTSTEM turns on dreaming cortex

Question 53

MW is associated with __________amplitude of objective measures

Answer 53

REDUC AMP

Question 54

Local sleep is when _________ and may indicate that ______ are related

Answer 54

When one area of the brain falls asleep | May show that day dreaming / night dreaming share neural correlates

Question 55

Mind wandering is BEST characterised by_______

Answer 55

decoupling from the environment