Week 11: Culture (Part 1) Flashcards
What term defines shared patterns of learned values and behaviors that are transmitted over time and that distinguish the members of one group from another?
Culture
What does culture include itself?
Language Ethnicity Spiritual and religious beliefs Socioeconomic class Gender Sexual Orientation Age Group history Geographic Origin Education Childhood/life experiences
What are some exemplars indicating that we are born into aculture?
Values &Beliefs Cultural safety. Generational diversity Multiculturalism Aging culture Stigma/stereotyping Language barriers Vulnerable population.
List the key CNA position statements in respect to culture:
- cultural competence is an entry-to-practice level competence for registered nurses
- cultural competence is the application of knowledge, skills, attitudes or personal attitudes required by nurses to maximize respectful relationships with diverse populations of clients and co-workers.
- Underlying values for cultural competence are: inclusivity, respect, valuing differences equity and commitment.
What are some visible components of culture?
Clothing
Jewelry
Charms
Hairstyle
What are some invisible components of culture?
Valued belief system that drives visible practices
Define ethnicity
members of a group share social and cultural heritage (e.g. values, language, physical characteristics, geographic space)
Define Subcultures
Members of subcultures represent various ethnic, religious, and other groups with distinct characteristics.
A subculture is a group within a culture that differs from the general consensus. They have a unique set of beliefs and values that don’t necessarily align with the wider culture.
ex. hippies, biker gang, hip hop culture, etc
Define cultural pluralism
It is a perspective that promotes respect for the right of others to have different beliefs, values, behaviours, and ways of life.
Define cultural relativism
It fosters awareness and appreciation of cultural differences, rejects assumptions of superiority of one’s culture and averts ethnocentrism.
Define enculturation
socialization into one’s primary culture during childhood
Define Acculturation
process of adapting to and adopting aspects of a new culture
Define Assimilation
Proces whereby a minority group gradually adopts the attitudes and customs of the mainstream culture.
Define Multiculturalism
process where many cultures co-exist and maintain their cultural differences. Tolerance and respect.
Define Ethnocentrism
tendency to view own way of life(culture) as more valuable way. Root of stereotyping, prejudice, etc.
Define cultural imposition
When health care providers use their own values and beliefs as the absolute guide to interpreting patients’ behaviours and providing services. ex. pain tolerance, immunization views, “we know what’s best for you”, forcing amuslim pt to adhere his/her prayers to hospital schedule.
Define stereotypes:
generalizations about a particular group.
Define discrimination:
When one acts on his or her prejudices, discrimination occurs.
Define race:
common biological attributes shared by a group e.g. skin colour
Define racism:
relates to the belief that some races are superior and others inferior. The significance is power. One race holds the power in government, etc. Only those who possess the power can discriminate/oppress and practice racism, even though all races may practice some forms of discrimination. Therefore, to be culturally competent, we must recognize and be aware of race to acknowledge the oppressive and discriminatory processes. We cannot be colour blind. Must be aware of the power inequality and privilege that comes with race.
Define systemic racism:
Also known as structural or institutional racism, systemic racism is enacted through societal systems, structures and institutions in the form of “requirements, conditions, practices, policies or processes that maintain and reproduce avoidable and unfair inequalities across ethnic/racial groups”
What is ethoncentrism?
Tendency to view one’s own way of life as more valuable than others’.
What is the root of stereotypes, biases, prejudices, discrimination microaggressions?
Ethocentrism
Explain overt, institutional, and systemic racism:
Overt (individual)- Includes any subtle speech or behaviors that demonstrate a conscious acknowledgement of racist attitudes and beliefs.
Institutional (society)- form of racism that is embedded as normal practice within society or an organization such as systematic distribution of resources, power and opportunity in our society to the benefit of people who are white or of any higher class.
Systemic (society)- Same as institutional racism which includes the policies and practices entrenched in established institutions, which result in the exclusion or promotion of designated groups
Define culturally congruent care:
Care that is meningful, supportive, and facilitative because it conforms to valued life patterns of patients. It is achieved through cultural assessment.
Define culturally competent care:
Care that requires knowledge, attitudes, and skills supportive of implementation of culturally congruent care.
What term refers to a comparative study and understanding of cultures to identify culture-specific and culture-universal caring constructs across ethnic groups?
Transcultural nursing
This involves challenging stereotypes and assumptions to inquire into providing care to patients as defined by them?
Cultural safety
This is a process that requires persons to acknowledge their own biases when engaging with others, which then provides a place to begin a relationship in an open and honest space.
Cultural humility
Who is Leininger?
Founding researcher of transcultural nursing
What is cultural awareness?
- begining step towards understanding that there is a difference
- more so about formal rituals and practicesrather han emotional, social, economic, and political context
This is a life long process (because culture is fluid) and requires awareness, knowledge, skills, encounters, and desire:
Cultural competency
What is cultural sensitivity?
nurse is sensitive to the difference he/she is aware of. Does not require any kind of action. Early in the continuum.
Define cultural safety and humility:
both a process and an outcome. Client determines if they feel safe with care received, trust has been established, differences can be negotiated. E.g. smudging; drum at birth. Highest level of cultural care
Why is cultural safety important?
- improve access for pts/populations to health care
- acknowledge we are all bearersto culture
- expose social, political, and historical contents of health care
- enable practitioners to consider difficult concepts such as racism, discrimination and prejudice
- acknowledge it is determined by those being taken care of
- encounter limitations of “culture” and navigation in health care system
- challenge unequal power relations
The first nations, Metis, and Inuit are part of what larger group? (this name should be used instead of aboriginal people)
Indigenous
What is cultural assessment and its purpose?
Its a systematic and comprehensive examination of the cultural care values, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families, and communities.
It allows nurses to gather information that will enable the nurse to provide culturally safe care
What key components should be covered in a cultural assessment (this does not include all but a basic list)?
- ethnohistory
- social organization
- socioeconomic status, bio cultural ecology and health risks
- language and communication
- religion and spirituality
- careing beliefs and practices
- experience with professional health care
What is transcultural nursisng?
comparitive study of cultures, an understanding of similarities (culture universal) and differences (culture specific) across human groups in order to provide meaningful and beneficial delivery of health care.
