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drg1004 > Week 11 - Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Week 11 - Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

AP cervical spine target

A

HCR angled 10 - 15 degrees cranially to point just below thyroid cartilage prominence

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2
Q

AP cervical spine collimation

A

upper = symphysis menti at lower lip
side = neck SSTM
lower = sternal notch

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3
Q

Lateral cervical spine target

A

HCR at point below mastoid process at level of thyroid cartilage prominence

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4
Q

Lateral cervical spine collimation

A

upper = upper ear lobe
side = neck SSTM
lower = 2cm below shoulder level

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5
Q

ideal position of AP cervical spine

A
  1. spinous process aligned with midline of cervical bodies
  2. equal distances between mandibular angles, mastoid tips and cervical vertebrae
  3. symmetrical articular pillars & pedicles lateral to cervical bodies
  4. equal distances between vertebral column to medial clavicular ends
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6
Q

ideal area of AP cervical spine

A

2nd - 7th cervical vertebrae & SSTM

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7
Q

ideal position of lateral cervical spine

A
  1. spinous process seen
  2. R & L zygapophyseal joints of each cervical vertebrae superimposed
  3. C1 & C2 bodies shown w/o mandibular superimposition
  4. cranial cortices & mandibular rami superimposed
  5. posterior arch of C1 & spinous process of C2 shown w/o occipital base superimposition
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8
Q

ideal area of lateral cervical spine

A
  1. sella turcica
  2. clivus
  3. 1st - 7th cervical vertebrae
  4. superior half of first thoracic vertebrae
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9
Q

AP thoracic spine target

A

HCR / VCR along midline of patient at point 2.5 cm below sternal angle perpendicular to IR

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10
Q

AP thoracic spine collimation

A

upper = thyroid prominence
side = mid clavicular line
lower = 1cm above LCM

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11
Q

lateral thoracic spine target

A

HCR / VCR along long axis of thoracic spine at level 5cm anterior to T6/7 spinous process

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12
Q

lateral thoracic spine collimation

A

upper = thyroid prominence
side = posterior skin margin to 2cm anterior to mid coronal plane
lower = 1cm above LCM

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13
Q

ideal position of AP thoracic spine

A
  1. spinous processes aligned with midline of vertebral bodies
  2. equal distance from spinous process to SC joints
  3. equal distance from each pedicle to spinous process
  4. open intervertebral disk spaces
  5. vertebral bodies seen w/o distortion
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14
Q

ideal area of AP thoracic spine

A

C7 - L1, 5.5 cm posterior ribs included

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15
Q

ideal position of lateral thoracic spine

A
  1. intervertebral foramina shown
  2. posterior surfaces of each vertebral body superimposed
  3. open intervertebral disk spaces
  4. vertebral bodies shown w/o distortion
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16
Q

ideal area of lateral thoracic spine

A

C7 to L1 ribs

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17
Q

ideal exposure of lateral thoracic spine

A

thoracic vertebrae seen through overlying lung & rib structures

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18
Q

why is a larger kVp used for thoracic spine instead of cervical spine

A
  1. penetrate denser mediastinal structures
  2. even out radiographic density differences between upper & lower thoracic vertebrae
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19
Q

what are the ways of achieving an evenly exposed AP thoracic spine

A
  1. higher kVp
  2. wedge filter
  3. anode heel effect
20
Q

what can be found at level of T2/3

A

sternal notch

21
Q

what can be found at level of T4/5

A

sternal angle

22
Q

what can be found at level of T9

A

xiphisternal joint / diaphragm dome

23
Q

what can be found at level of L1

A

midway between sternal notch & SP

24
Q

what can be found at level of L3

A

LCM

25
Q

what can be found at level of L3/4

A

Umbilicus

26
Q

what can be found at level of L4

A

iliac crest

27
Q

what can be found at level of S2

A

ASIS

28
Q

what can be found at level of coccyx

A

symphysis pubis

29
Q

cervical spondylosis

A

age related degeneration of discs and joints & formation of bony spurs to impinge nerves = numbness

30
Q

what is spondylolisthesis

A

forward displacement of vertebra over one below

31
Q

when is flexion and extension projections of cervical spine used

A

assess subluxation & cervical spondylosis

32
Q

what is cassette size for cervical spine

A

24 x 30 cm

33
Q

SID for cervical spine

A

AP = 100 - 115 cm; Lateral = 180 cm

34
Q

kVp for cervical spine

A

65 - 70

35
Q

AEC for cervical spine

A

AP = center chamber; lateral = 20 mAs

36
Q

why should patients raised their chin for lateral projection of cervical spine

A

avoid superimposition of angle of mandible over upper anterior cervical vertebrae

37
Q

why should patients extend their neck for AP of cervical spine

A

allows inferior border of symphysis menti to superimpose over occipital bone

38
Q

why should patients depress their shoulders for lateral projection of cervical spine

A

to show lower cervical vertebrae

39
Q

what is spondylosis of thoracic & lumbar spine

A

pars interarticularis #

40
Q

chance #

A

usually posterior column due to flexion & distraction forces

41
Q

kVp for thoracic spine

A

AP = 80 - 90 kVp; Lateral = 77 - 80 kVp

42
Q

AEC for thoracic spine

A

center AEC

43
Q

cassette for thoracic spine

A

35 x 43 cm

44
Q

where does conus medullaris end

A

lower L1

45
Q

primary curvatures

A

thoracic & sacral

46
Q

compensatory curvatures

A

cervical & lumbar

drg1004 (12 decks)

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