Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DRG1004 > GenRad Clinical > Flashcards

GenRad Clinical Flashcards

1
Q

True DP projection of hand achieved when ___

A
  • equal midshaft concavity & soft tissue width on both sides of phalanges & metacarpals
  • thumb in oblique 45 degree position
  • IP & MTP joints shown
  • phalanges not foreshortened
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True DPO hand achieved when ____

A
  • 1st & 2nd metacarpal heads not superimposed
  • 3rd - 5th metacarpal heads slightly superimposed
  • varying degree of space between 2nd to 5th metacarpal midhsafts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True Lateral hand achieved when ___

A
  • thumb shown w/o superimposition
  • 2nd to 5th metacarpals superimposed
  • 2nd to 5th proximal bony & soft tissues superimposed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True lateral thumb achieved when

A
  • palmar aspect of phalanges show midshaft concavity
  • dorsal aspect of phalanges & metacarpals show slight convexity
  • IP& MTP joints shown
  • minimal superimposition of proximal 1st metacarpal on proximal 2nd metacarpal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True AP thumb achieved when

A
  • equal midshaft concavity & soft tissue width on both sides of phalanges & metacarpal midshafts
  • IP & MTP joints shown
  • minimal superimposition of soft tissues of proximal 1st metacarpal & CMC joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True PA finger achieved when

A
  • equal midshaft concavity & soft tissue width on both sides of phalanges
  • IP & MTP joints shown
  • no overlapping of soft tissues of adjacent digits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True lateral finger achieved when

A
  • palmar aspect of phalanges show mid-shaft concavity
  • dorsal aspect of phalanges shown slight convexity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True PA wrist is achieved when

A
  • radial & ulnar styloid processes are at extreme lateral & medial edges of each bone
  • open radioulnar articulation
  • lunate appears trapezoidal
  • minimal superimposition of metacarpal bases
  • scaphoid slightly foreshortened
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True lateral wrist is achieved when

A

palmar cortex of pisiform bone overlays central third of interval between palmar cortices of distal scaphoid pole & capitate head

ulnar styloid process in middle of ulnar head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True AP radius & ulna is achieved when

A
  • radial styloid process shown laterally
  • olecranon process situated within olecranon fossa
  • ulnar styloid process projected to midline of ulnar head
  • radial tuberosity shown medially
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

For AP radius & ulna, medial & lateral epicondyles are equidistant to IR when ____

A
  1. radial styloid process shown laterally
  2. ulnar styloid process projected to midline of ulnar head
  3. radial tuberosity shown medially
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

For AP radius & ulna, one can tell that elbow is fully extended when ___

A

olecranon process situated within olecranon fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True lateral radius & ulna achieved when

A
  • ulnar styloid process shown posteriorly
  • 1/3 radial head superimposed with olecranon process
  • distal radius/ulna superimposed
  • elbow joint space appears open
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

For lateral radius/ulna, one can tell that the palm is perpendicular to IR when

A
  1. ulnar styloid process shown posteriorly
  2. 1/3 radial head superimposed with coronoid process
  3. distal radius/ulna superimposed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

For lateral radius/ulna, one can tell that the distal humerus & forearm are on the same plane when

A

elbow joint space appears open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True AP elbow is achieved when

A
  • radial tuberosity superimposed on ulna & shown medially
  • olecranon process situated within olecranon fossa
  • medial/lateral epicondyles shown
  • 1/8 radial head superimposes ulna
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

For AP elbow, one can tell that the medial & lateral epicondyles are equidistant from IR when __

A
  1. radial tuberosity superimposed on ulna & shown medially
  2. medial & lateral epicondyles shown
  3. 1/8 radial head superimposes ulna
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

For AP elbow, one can tell that the elbow is fully extended when

A

olecranon process situated within olecranon fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True lateral elbow is achieved when

A
  • 3 concentric arcs shown (medial trochlea, trochlear sulcus, capitulum)
  • radial tuberosity not shown
  • 1/3 radial head superimposes ulna
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

For lateral elbow, shoulder, elbow & wrist are on the same plane and ulnar aspect of arm is in contact with table top when ___

A

3 concentric arcs seen & radial tuberosity not shown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

For lateral elbow, palm is perpendicular to IR when

A

1/3 radial head superimposes ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True AP humerus is achieved when

A
  1. medial/lateral epicondyles shown
  2. greater tubercle shown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

True lateral humerus achieved when

A
  1. lesser tubercle shown
  2. anterior surfaces of capitulum & medial trochlea nearly aligned
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

True AP shoulder achieved when

A
  1. humerus not abducted
  2. clavicle not foreshortened
  3. greater tubercle shown
  4. glenoid cavity partially shown with superimposition of humeral head
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

For AP shoulder, one can tell that the patient is not over rotated when

A
  1. clavicle not foreshortened
  2. glenoid cavity partially shown with superimposition of humeral head
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

For AP shoulder, one can tell that the palm is supinated when

A

greater tubercle shown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

True Y-scapular achieved when

A
  1. body of scapula in lateral position forms Y shape
  2. humeral head projected over outlet
  3. humeral shaft clear of scapula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

For Y-scapular, one can tell that the patient’s body is not rotated when

A
  1. body of scapula in lateral position forms Y shape
  2. humeral head projected over outlet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

True outlet view achieved when

A
  1. open supraspinatus outlet
  2. humeral shaft cleared of scapula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

For outlet view, supaspinatus outlet is open when

A

angulation is adequate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

For outlet view, humerus shaft is clear of scapula when

A

humerus is abducted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

True AP clavicle

A
  1. clavicle not foreshortened
  2. clavicle & superior scapular angle seen at same transverse level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

For AP clavicle, clavicle is not foreshortened when

A

patient is not over or under rotated

34
Q

For AP clavicle, clavicle & superior scapular angle shown when

A

patient’s back is straight

35
Q

True axial clavicle

A
  1. superior scapular angle 1.25 cm inferior to clavicle
  2. proximal end of clavicle superimposed over 1st to 3rd ribs
  3. middle & distal third of clavicle projected slightly above acromion
36
Q

For axial clavicle, one can tell that correct angulation is used when

A
  1. superior scapular angle 1.25 cm inferior to clavicle
  2. proximal end of clavicle superimposed over 1st to 3rd ribs
  3. middle & distal third of clavicle projected slightly above acromion
37
Q

AP AC joints

A
  1. distal clavicle not superimposed on acromion process
  2. clavicle & superior scapular angle seen at same transverse level
38
Q

For AP AC joint, patient is not over or under rotated when

A

distal clavicle not superimposed on acromion process

39
Q

For AP AC joint, patient’s back is straight when

A

clavicle & superior scapular angle seen at same transverse level

40
Q

True DP foot/toes

A
  • open navicular-cuneiform joint spaces
  • well demonstrated MTP joints
  • equal midshaft concavity & soft tissue width on both sides of phalanges
  • equal spacing between 2nd - 5th metatarsals
41
Q

For DP foot/toes, well demonstrated MTP joints are shown which suggest that

A

toes fully extended & centering beam is correctly angulated

41
Q

For DP foot/toes, plantar surface is flat on IR when

A
  • open navicular-cuneiform joint spaces
  • equal midshaft concavity & soft tissue width on both sides of phalanges
  • equal spacing between 2nd - 5th metatarsals
42
Q

True DPO foot/toes

A
  • 2x soft tissue width & more phalangeal concavity on side of digit rotated away from IR
  • open IP & MTP joint spaces
  • sinus tarsi & 5th MT tuberosity shown
  • 2nd - 5th inter MT joint spaces are open
43
Q

For DPO foot/toes, what does obliquity of 30 degrees show

A
  1. sinus tarsi & 5th MT tuberosity
  2. 2x soft tissue width & more phalangeal concavity on side of digit rotated away from IR
44
Q

True lateral foot

A
  1. long axis of leg perpendicular to long axis of foot
  2. anterior, posterior, proximal talar domes aligned
  3. distal fibula superimposed by posterior 1/2 of distal tibia
  4. open tibiotalar joint
  5. MT heads superimposed
45
Q

For lateral foot/ankle/calcaneus, foot is dorsiflexed as evident by

A

long axis of foot perpendicular to long axis of lower leg

46
Q

For lateral foot/ankle/calcaneus, lower leg is parallel to IR as evident by

A
  1. anterior & posterior talar domes aligned
  2. distal fibula superimposed by posterior 1/2 of distal tibia
47
Q

For lateral foot/ankle/calcaneus, lateral surface parallel to IR if

A

proximal talar domes aligned

48
Q

True mortise ankle

A
  1. open tibiotalar & fibulotalar joint
  2. distal fibula shown without superimposing on talus
  3. distal tibia superimposes 1/4 distal fibula
49
Q

For mortise ankle, medial & lateral malleoli are equidistant from IR as evident by

A
  1. open fibulotalar joint
  2. distal fibula shown without superimposing on talus
  3. distal tibia superimposes 1/4 distal fibula
50
Q

For mortise ankle, lower leg is parallel to IR & foot dorsiflexed only when

A

open tibiotalar joint shown

51
Q

True lateral ankle

A
  1. long axis of leg perpendicular to long axis of foot
  2. anterior, posterior, proximal talar domes aligned
  3. distal fibula superimposed by posterior 1/2 of distal tibia
  4. open tibiotalar joint
52
Q

True axial calcaneus

A
  1. Distal MTs not shown on medial/lateral aspect of foot
  2. open talo-calcaneal joint
  3. calcaneal tuberosity shown w/o distortion
  4. sustentacular tali shown
53
Q

For axial calcaneus, foot is dorsiflexed and correct angulation used only when

A

open talo-calcaneal joint & calcaneal tuberosity shown without distortion

54
Q

For axial calcaneus, sustentacular tali shown when

A

foot is not inverted or everted

55
Q

True AP Tibia/Fibula

A
  1. fibular midshaft free from tibia superimposition
  2. tibia superimposes 1/4 fibular head & 1/2 distal fibula
56
Q

True lateral tibia/fibula

A
  1. fibular midshaft free from tibia superimposition
  2. posterior aspect of distal tibia & fibula aligned
  3. tibia superimposes 1/2 fibular head
57
Q

For lateral tibia/fibula, leg is not over or under rotated when

A
  1. fibular midshaft free from tibia superimposition
  2. posterior aspect of distal tibia & fibula aligned
  3. tibia superimposes 1/2 fibular head
58
Q

True AP knee

A
  1. intercondylar eminence situated within intercondylar fossa
  2. symmetrical femoral condyles
  3. tibia superimposes 1/3 fibular head
  4. femoral epicondyles shown
  5. patella situated just proximal to femoral patellar surface and slightly lateral to knee midline
59
Q

For AP knee, what is seen when knee is not rotated too medially or laterally

A
  1. intercondylar eminence situated within intercondylar fossa
  2. symmetrical femoral condyles
  3. tibia superimposes 1/3 fibular head
  4. femoral epicondyles shown
60
Q

For AP knee, what is seen when knee is fully extended

A

patella situated just proximal to femoral patellar surface and slightly lateral to knee midline

61
Q

True lateral knee

A
  1. fibular head 1.25 cm distal to tibial plateau
  2. anterior, posterior, distal margins of medial/lateral femoral condyles aligned
  3. tibia superimposes 1/3 fibular head
  4. patella just proximal to femoral patellar surface
  5. open patellofemoral joint
62
Q

For lateral knee, what is seen only when knee flexed 30 degrees

A

open patellofemoral joint, patella just proximal to patellofemoral surface

63
Q

For lateral knee, what is seen when angulation is adequate

A

distal margins of medial/lateral femoral condyles aligned

64
Q

For lateral knee, what is seen when knee is not over/under rotated

A
  • Anterior and posterior margins of the
    medial and lateral femoral condyles
    are aligned
  • Tibia superimposes one third of the
    fibular head
65
Q

True AP femur

A
  1. femoral neck not foreshortened
  2. GT shown laterally
  3. open obturator foramen
66
Q

For AP femur, open obturator foramen is seen if

A

ASIS equidistant to x-ray couch

67
Q

For AP femur, femoral neck not foreshortened & GT seen laterally if

A

leg rotated medially adequately

68
Q

True Lateral femur

A
  1. LT shown medially
  2. femoral shaft not foreshortened
  3. femoral neck & head superimposed over GT
69
Q

for lateral femur, what is seen if there is adequate external rotation

A
  1. LT shown medially
  2. femoral shaft not foreshortened
70
Q

for lateral femur, what is seen if femoral shaft parallel to IR

A

femoral neck & head superimposed over GT

71
Q

True AP Hip

A
  1. ischial spine aligned with pelvic brim
  2. lesser trochanter superimposed by femoral shaft
  3. femoral neck not foreshortened
  4. open obturator foramen
  5. greater trochanter seen laterally
72
Q

For AP hip, what is seen if patient ASIS equidistant to couch

A

open obturator foramen & ischial spine aligned with pelvic brim

73
Q

For AP hip, what is seen if patient’s leg is rotated medially adequately

A
  1. femoral neck not foreshortened
  2. greater trochanter seen laterally
  3. lesser trochanter superimposed by femoral shaft
74
Q

True lateral hip

A
  1. lesser trochanter seen medially
  2. femoral neck superimposed by greater trochanter
75
Q

Area of lateral hip

A

proximal third of femoral shaft, acetabulum, part of ilium, obturator foramen

76
Q

True AP pelvis

A
  1. sacrum & coccyx aligned with pelvic brim
  2. open obturator foramen
  3. symmetrical iliac wings
  4. femoral neck not foreshortened
  5. greater trochanter seen laterally
  6. lesser trochanter superimposed by femoral shaft
77
Q

For AP pelvis, what is seen if ASIS equidistant to IR

A
  1. sacrum & coccyx aligned with pelvic brim
  2. open obturator foramen
  3. symmetrical iliac wings
78
Q

For AP pelvis, what is seen if patient’s legs are rotated medially adequately

A
  1. femoral neck not foreshortened
  2. greater trochanter seen laterally
  3. lesser trochanter superimposed by femoral shaft
79
Q

area of AP pelvis

A

iliac crests, proximal 4th of femurs

80
Q
A

DRG1004 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions