Week 11 and 12 Flashcards

Nervous System

1
Q

Cells that surround and protect delicate neurons

A

Neuroglia (glial cells)

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1
Q

Excitable cells that transmit electrical signals

A

Neurons (nerve cells)

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2
Q

Brain and spinal cord of dorsal body cavity
Integration and control center
Interprets sensory input and dictates motor output

A

CNS

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3
Q

Portion of nervous system outside of CNS
Spinal nerves and cranial nerves

A

PNS

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4
Q

Neurons are branching cells; Neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors; Supporting cells support and protect neurons

A

Nervous tissue

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5
Q

Branches off of cell body; receptive region

A

Dendrites

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6
Q

Biosynthetic center; receptive region

A

Cell body

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7
Q

Impulse-generating and conducting region

A

Axon

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8
Q

Bottom of axon; fat portion

A

Axon hillock

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9
Q

Secretory region on axon

A

Axon terminal

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10
Q

Support cell; Star shaped cell that reaches out to capillaries and neurons; most abundant in CNS

A

Astrocytes

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11
Q

Support cell; defensive cells (prevent infection; Spider shaped cell in CNS

A

Microglial cell

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12
Q

Support cell; Lines cerebrospinal fluid filled cells in CNS cavities; Ciliated

A

Ependymal cell

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13
Q

Support cell; Has processes that form myelin sheaths around CNS fibers

A

Oligodendrocyte

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14
Q

Support cells; Joins with Schwann cells to surround neurons in PNS; Specifically surrounds the cell body

A

Satellite cell

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15
Q

Short, non myelinated neurons on cell bodies

A

Gray matter

16
Q

Myelinated and non myelinated axons

A

White matter

17
Q

Fluid filled chambers that are continuous to one another and to central canal of spinal cord
Filled with CSF
Lined by ependymal cells

A

Ventricles

18
Q

Liquid cushion of constant volume around brain
Gives buoyancy to CNS structures
Composed of watery solution formed from blood plasma

A

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

19
Q

Cluster of capillaries that hangs from roof of each ventricle, enclosed by pia mater and surrounding layer of ependymal cells
Forms CSF

A

Choroid plexus

20
Q

Site of conscious mind
“Executive suite”

A

Cerebral cortex

21
Q

Localizes and interprets sensory inputs; Controls voluntary and skilled skeletal muscle activity
Functions in intellectual an emotional processing

A

Cortical gray matter

22
Q

Subcortical motor centers
Help control skeletal muscle movements
Inner gray matter pockets

A

Basal nuclei

23
Q

Region in diencephalon; Helps with memory processing

24
Regulates body temperature, food intake, water balance, thirst, and biological rhythms Regulates hormonal output of pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
25
Contains pineal gland; secretes melatonin that helps regulate sleep-wake cycle
Epithalamus
26
Controls automatic behaviors necessary for survival 3 regions: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Brain stem
27
Visual reflex centers; part of midbrain
Superior colliculi
28
Auditory relay centers; part of midbrain
Inferior colliculi
29
Contains visual and auditory reflex centers
Midbrain
30
Relays information from the cerebrum to cerebellum Cooperates with the medullary respiratory centers to control respiratory rate and depth
Pons
31
Contains visceral nuclei controlling heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiratory rate, vomiting, coughing
Medulla oblongata
32
Inferior to cerebrum; Provides instructions to cerebral motor cortex and subcortical centers, resulting in smooth, coordinated skeletal muscle movements Responsible for balance and structure
Cerebellum
33
Mediates emotional response Involved in memory processing Composed of: amygdaloid body, fornix, cingulate gyrus
Limbic system
34