Muscle - OIAs Flashcards by Halle Kuck

Attachment to immovable bone

Origin

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Attachment to moveable bone
Contraction causes it to move towards origin

Insertion

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Movement of muscle

Action

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O - Galea aponeurotica (tendon that separates the two muscles)
I - Subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows
A - Raises eyebrows, forehead wrinkles

Fontalis (Frontal Belly)

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O - Nuchal line of occipital and temporal bones
I - Galea aponeurotica (tendon that separates the two muscles)
A - Fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

Occipitalis (Occipital Belly)

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O - Medial bones of orbit
I - Into eyelid tissue
A - Closes eyelids, produces blinking

Orbicularis oculi

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O - Corners of mouth
I - Dermis of lips
A - Causes lips to protrude, pucker, and close (whistle)
Not attached to bone

Orbicularis oris

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O - Zygomatic bone
I - Corner of mouth
A - Pull corners of mouth laterally in smiling and laughing

Zygomaticus

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O - Upper chest specifically in the fascia over pectoral muscles and deltoid
I - Lower part of mandible, skin of mouth at corners
A - Depresses mandible, tenses skin of neck as when shaving (taut), opens and widens mouth
Sheet-like

Platysma

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O - Temporal fossa
I - Coronoid process of mandible
A - Raises mandible into maxillae for biting and chewing, closes jaw

Temporalis

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O - Zygomatic arch, zygomatic bone
I - Angle of ramus and of mandible
A - Prime mover of jaw closure, elevates mandible for biting, pulls mandible a little to side

Masseter

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O - Maxilla and mandible
I - Orbicularis oris
A - Compresses cheek, pushes food between teeth, prevents food from getting into space between teeth and cheek, also keeps saliva in the right place

Buccinator

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O - Sternum and clavicle
I - Mastoid process of temporal bone
A - When contracts, causes flexion and rotation of head; YES movement

Sternocleidomastoid

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Made of three columns:
1. Iliocostalis - lateral
2. Longissimus - middle
3. Spinalis - medial
A - Helps to pull you up when bent over, prime mover of spinal extension

Erector spinae

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O - Iliac crest of hip bone
I - Upper lumbar vertebrae and T12
A - Causes lateral flexion of vertebral column when acting separately, when acting together lumbar spine is extended

Quadratus lumborum

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O - Sternum, lumbar vertebrae, inferior internal surface of rib cage
I - Central tendon (inserts in a lot of places)
A - Inspiration of prime mover (Domed when relaxed, flat when contracts)

Diaphragm

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Short muscles that run from rib to rib
External
O - Inferior border of rib above
I - Superior border of rib below
A - Action that causes upwards and outwards movement of rib cage, helps with breathing
Internal
O - Superior border of rib below
I - Inferior border of rib above
A - Action depresses rib cage, involved in forced expiration

Intercostals

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O - Pubic bone
I - Xiphoid process of sternum, costal cartilage of ribs
A - Flexes and rotates lumbar vertebral column
Allows you to touch your toes

Rectus abdominis

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O - Lower 8 ribs
I - Linea alba
A - Flex vertebral column, rotation of trunk when contracted individually

External oblique

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O - Iliac crest of hip bone
I - Linea alba
A - Flex vertebral column, rotates trunk when one side contracts

Internal oblique

O - Iliac crest of hip bone
I - Linea alba
A - Compresses abdominal contents
Lies underneath oblique layer transversally

Transverse abdominis

Gives us 6 pack ab definition

Tendinous intersections

O - Upper ribs
I - Scapula
A - Raises scapula up and helps hips to abduct away from midline, important in arm pushing and punching

Serratus anterior

O - Occipital bone, thoracic spines (C7-T-12)
I - Clavicle and scapula
A - Stabilizes, elevates, retracts and rotates scapula

Trapezius

O - Cervical vertebrae 1-4 I - Scapula A - Elevates scapula On back and side of neck, deep to trapezius , strap-like muscle

Levator scapulae

O - Thoracic spines 2-5 I - Scapula A - Stabilizes scapula Under trapezius

Rhomboid major

O - Anterior surface of ribs I - Coracoid process of scapula A - Draw scapula forward and downward

Pectoralis minor

O - Sternal end of clavicle and sternum I - Humerus A - Adducts and medially rotates arm, flexion of arm at shoulder

Pectoralis major

O - Lower vertebral spine, iliac crest of hip bone I - Humerus A - Prime mover of arm extension, powerful arm adductor, medial rotation of arm at shoulder Helps with hammering and swimming

Latissimus dorsi

O - Clavicle, spine and acromion of scapula I - Deltoid tuberosity of humerus A - Prime mover of arm abduction (reaching out to grab something)

Deltoid

O - Lower lateral border and inferior angle of scapula I - Anterior humerus A - Adducts, medially rotates, and extends the arm at the shoulder

Teres major

O - Coracoid process of scapula I - Humerus shaft A - Adducts arm

Coracobrachialis

O - Short head = Coracoid process of scapula; Long head = Glenoid cavity of scapula I - Radial tuberosity of radius A - Supinates forearm, elbow flexion

Biceps brachii

O - Anterior humerus I - Coronoid process of ulna A - Flexes elbow Deep to biceps brachii

Brachialis

O - Long head = Scapula; Lateral head = Humerus; Medial head = Humerus I - Olecranon process of ulna A - Extends arm

Triceps brachii

O - Distal end of humerus I - Styloid process of radius A - Elbow flexion

Brachioradialis

Upper part of forearm

Wrist extensors

Lower part of forearm

Wrist flexors

O - Ilium (upper part of hip bone) and sacrum, coccyx I - Femur A - Extends thigh, abduction of thigh Major butt muscle, important for climbing stairs

Gluteus maximus

O - Ilium I - Greater trochanter of femur A - Abduct and medial rotation of thigh

Gluteus medius/minimus

Form middle thigh, used to press thighs together O - Pubis I - Femur A - Adduct femur

Adductor longus, magnus, brevis

Long, thin medial thigh muscle O - Pubis of hip bone I - Tibia A - Adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg

Gracilis

Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius I - Quad tendon A - Extends, kicks knee

Quadriceps

O - Superior iliac spine I - Medial part of tibia A - Flexes knee, main muscle when cross legs and try to sit down

Sartorius

O - Ischium of hip bone I - Biceps femoris = Fibula; Semimembranosus = Tibia; Semitendinosus = Tibia A - Action of all three hamstring muscles is to extend thigh and flex knee

Hamstrings

O - Gastrocnemius = Femur; Soleus = Tibia and fibula I - Calcaneal tendon A - Pointing of toes (plantar flexion = down)

Triceps surae

O - Tibia I - Foot bones A - Dorsiflexion, flexes foot up

Tibialis anterior

O - Vertebra I - Lesser trochanter of femur A - Flexes hip, medial rotation of femur, helps to "bow"

Psoas major

O - Iliac crest of hip bone I - Iliotibial tract (thickened lateral portion of the fascia lata) A - Flexes and abducts thigh

Tensor fasciae latae