Week 10- Theories of Learning & Critiquing Healthcare Websites Flashcards
one of the most important roles for nurses
Educating patients
behaviourism
- Humans behave in the same way
- Knowledge is transmitted and received
◦ Learning and behaviour change happens when
correct behaviour is rewarded
Nurse and patient role in behaviourism
nurse is the supervisor, nurse telling the person what to do and how to do it
the patient is very passive
cognitivism
◦ Based on Piaget and
Anderson’s work
◦ Learning is a complex cognitive
activity
◦ Mental, intellectual, or thinking
process
◦ How do learners perceive their
environments
three stage information processing
- Information input
- Sensory Register
(ears, skin, tongue,
eyes, nose ) - Short Term
Memory - Long Term
Memory for
Storage and
retrieval
considerations for cognitivism
◦ Enabling the learner
◦ Everyone learns differently
◦ Patients acquire strategies to
process information
◦ Importance of social, emotional,
and physical contexts
◦ Change mental behaviour
when applying the cognitive theory select
learning strategies that use different senses
◦ Sight – use pictures, graphs, mapping tools
◦ Hearing – listening to stories from other people (audiorecording); provide calm environment by playing soft
music
◦ Taste – introduce an example using food
◦ Smell – use smell to produce happy memories – emotional
comfortable environment (patient’s with anxiety)
◦ Touch – provide a learning activity that involves
manipulating something
provide environments that are
conductive to learning
social, emotional, physical
Humanism
- Each individual is unique
- Feelings and emotions are keys to learning and understanding
- All individuals have a desire to grow in a positive way
Who chooses what is to be learned in humanism
the learner not the teacher
not submitting to tradition and authority
Humanism
ability to improve life through reason and ingenuity
Humanism
where humanism works best
◦ Self-help groups
◦ Wellness programs
◦ Palliative care
Humanism’s Cornerstone of
Learning
◦ Being open and spontaneous in
learning
◦ Recognition of significance of
emotions and feeling
◦ Appreciating the potential for
human creativity
Nurses have a legal and professional responsibility to
educate patients
provides positive and negative
reinforcement and can be used to change behaviour
Behaviourism
mental process; nurses take into
consideration individual cognitive abilities to learn. It is
used to change thinking.
Cognitivism
Focuses on self-development and achieving
one’s full potential. The learner is an active participant
and takes responsibility for meeting own learning needs
Humanism
Components of the learning process
A- assessment, analysis
D- diagnosis
P-planning
I- implementation
E- evaluation
3 components of the determinants of learning:
1- What (Assessment of Learning needs)
2- When (Readiness to learn)- physical, emotional, developmental, cognitive, and experiential and/or knowledge readiness
3- How (Key points of Learning Styles)
Understand the role of teaching
Teaching is a legal and professional responsibility – the role of the nurse as a teacher is to provide resources to facilitate the learning – variety of resources
Why is teaching becoming even more important in nursing?
Patient education is especially important in view of current trend of shorter hospital stays, increased demands on nurses’ time, and more patients with acute conditions and chronically ill patients.
Nurses are not only a primary source of information but also often clarify information other health care providers.
Know the purpose and benefits of educating patients
Increase client’s competence and confidence to take care of themselves
- To prepare patients and their families for independence (maintain and improve health status on their own)
Benefits
* Improved quality of life
* Decrease pt anxiety
* Reduce complications
* Promote adherence to treatment plans
* Maximize independence
What topics do nurses teach about?
- Hygiene
- Health promotion
- Procedures/what is happening
- Breathing techniques - information about disease
- information about treatments
- information about lifestyles that promote health – reducing health risks
- what to do in case of an emergency?
