Week 10 Posterior leg

Question 1

proximal attachment of gastrocnemius (lateral head)

Answer 1

lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur

Question 2

proximal attachment of gastrocnemius (medial head)

Answer 2

• popliteal surface of femur
• superior to medial condyle

Question 3

distal attachment of gastrocnemius

Answer 3

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneus tendon

Question 4

innervation of gastrocnemius

Answer 4

tibial nerve

Question 5

main action of gastrocnemius

Answer 5

• plantarflexes ankle joint when knee joint is extended
• flexes knee joint
• raises heel during walking

Question 6

proximal attachment of soleus

Answer 6

• soleal line
• posterior aspect of head of fibula
• superior quarter of posterior surface of fibula

Question 7

distal attachment of soleus

Answer 7

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 8

innervation of soleus

Answer 8

tibial nerve

Question 9

main action of soleus

Answer 9

• plantarflexes ankle joint independent of position of knee
• stabilises ankle joint

Question 10

proximal attachment of plantaris

Answer 10

• oblique popliteal ligament
• inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur

Question 11

distal attachment of plantaris

Answer 11

posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 12

innervation of plantaris

Answer 12

tibial nerve

Question 13

main action of plantaris

Answer 13

weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing ankle joint

Question 14

proximal attachment of popliteus

Answer 14

• lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur
• lateral meniscus

Question 15

distal attachment of popliteus

Answer 15

• posterior surface of tibia
• superior to soleal line

Question 16

innervation of popliteus

Answer 16

tibial nerve

Question 17

main action of popliteus

Answer 17

weakly flexes knee joint and unlocks it by rotating femur 5 degree on fixed tibia

Question 18

proximal attachment of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 18

• inferior part of interosseous membrane
• inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula

Question 19

distal attachment of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 19

base of distal phalanx of great toe

Question 20

innervation of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 20

tibial nerve

Question 21

main action of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 21

• weakly plantarflexes ankle joint
• flexes great toe at all joints
• supports medial longitudinal arch of foot

Question 22

proximal attachment of flexor digitorum longus

Answer 22

medial part of posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line

Question 23

distal attachment of flexor digitorum longus

Answer 23

bases of distal phalanges of lateral digits (2-5)

Question 24

innervation of flexor digitorum longus

Answer 24

tibial nerve

Question 25

main action of flexor digitorum longus

Answer 25

- plantarflexes ankle joint - flexes lateral four digits - support longitudinal arches of foot

Question 26

proximal attachment of tibialis posterior

Answer 26

- interosseous membrane - posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line - posterior surface of fibula

Question 27

distal attachment of tibialis posterior

Answer 27

bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsals

Question 28

innervation of tibialis posterior

Answer 28

tibial nerve

Question 29

main action of tibialis posterior

Answer 29

- plantarflexes ankle joint - inverts foot - maintains medial longitudinal arch

Question 30

tibial nerve

Answer 30

- articular branches to knee - descend deep to soleus - on tibialis posterior with posterior tibial artery - ends as medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 31

posterior tibial vessels

Answer 31

- descends deep to fibrous arch in soleus - gives rise to fibular artery - ends as medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 32

tarsal tunnel (roof, floor, contents, order)

Answer 32

roof - flexor retinaculum floor - medial surfaces of talus and calcaneus contents - tibial nerve, long flexor tendons, posterior tibial vessels ------------------- order (anterior to posterior) : Tibialis posterior flexor Digitorum longus posterior tibial Artery posterior tibial Vein posterior tibial Nerve flexor Hallucis longus ## Footnote Tom dick and very naughty harry