Week 1 Introduction to anatomy Flashcards
what is anatomical position
- standing erect
- head, eyes and toes are pointing forward
- feet are together
- arms are by the side
- palms of the hands are pointing forward
sagittal palne
right/ left
coronal plane
front/ back
transverse (horizontal) plane
top/ bottom
terms of relationship (relate to the anatomical position):
− anterior/posterior
− superior/inferior
− medial/lateral
terms of comparison (compa/ring position of structures, independent of position):
− proximal/distal
− superficial/deep
− external/internal
− ventral/dorsal
− palmar/dorsum (hand)
− plantar/dorsum (foot)
− cranial (cephalic)/caudal
− rostral/occipital (within the head)
terms of laterality
- bilateral (both side)
- unilateral and midline (one side)
- ipsilateral and contralateral (same side vs opposite side)
terms of movement
- flexion/ extension – around a coronal axis (in a sagittal plane)
- abduction/ adduction – around a sagittal axis (in a coronal plane)
- internal/ external (medial/ lateral) rotation – around a vertical axis (in a transverse plane)
- circumduction
- lateral flexion
- horizontal flexion/ extension (horizontal adduction/ abduction)
- pronation/ supination – of the forearm and the foot
- opposition
- plantarflexion/ dorsiflexion
- elevation/ depression
- protraction/ retraction
terms of regional organisation
- visceral – related to organ
- somatic (parietal) – body wall
- motor
- sensory (cutaneous) – skin
- articular – joint
somatic systems (form and shape of the body wall)
integumentary (skin)
skeletal (axial, appendicular, articular)
muscular
supply systems
cardiovascular (circulatory)
lymphatic
nervous
visceral systems (collectively responsible for the internal regulation of the body (involved with secretion, excretion and absorption)
- respiratory
- digestive
- endocrine
- urinary
- reproductive
