WEEK 10: MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES Flashcards
is the process by which a person’s efforts
are energized, directed, and sustained towards
attaining a goal.
Motivation
describes the finding that subjects being studied change their behavior because they are aware of being observed.
Hawthorne Effect
people are mainly motivated by trying to
meet certain needs.
Need-based Theories
Examples of need-based theories:
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- ERG Theory
- Herzberg’s two factor theory
5 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological, Security, Social, Esteem, Self-Actualization
he developed Maslow’s hierarchy of needs into a theory of his own.
Alderfer
three groups of core needs:
- Existence Needs
- Relatedness Needs
- Growth Needs
concern our basic material requirements for living.
Existence Needs
have to do with the importance of
maintaining interpersonal relationships.
Relatedness
describe our intrinsic desire for personal development.
Growth Needs
American psychologist Frederick Herzberg set out to determine the effect of
attitude on motivation.
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
two different set of factors governing job
satisfaction and dissatisfaction:
- Hygiene Factors
- Motivation Factors
(salary, benefits, etc.) are expected, so they won’t increase motivation when they are present, but they will cause dissatisfaction when they are missing.
Hygiene Factors
(challenging work, growth potential) can be a source of additional motivation when they are present.
Motivation Factors
To increase satisfaction, management must focus on
Motivation Factors
To decrease dissatisfaction, management must focus on
Hygiene Factors
view motivation as a rational process.
Process-based Theories
The three best-known process-based theories are:
- Equity theory
- Expectancy theory
- Reinforcement theories
Proposes that people value fair
treatment, which motivates them to
maintain a similar standard of fairness
with their coworkers and the
organization.
Equity Theory
are the employee’s contribution to the workplace and can be tangible
and intangible.
Inputs
are what the employee receives from the employer and can be tangible or intangible.
Outputs
is motivated by anticipated results and a person will behave in a certain way based
on the expected result of the chosen
behavior.
Expectancy Theory
says that behavior is driven by its consequences.
Reinforcement Theory
Rewarding an employee in response to desired
behavior
Positive Reinforcement
