Week 10 - Metabolism Flashcards

Question

What are 3 issues of special interests to public health nutritionists?

Answer 1

Lactating mothers People with HIV/AIDS Inmates in correctional facilities.

Answer 2

Increased risk of maternal death Increased infections Anaemia Compromised immune functions Lethargy and weakness Lower productivity

Answer 3

Increased risk of foetal and neonatal deaths Intrauterine growth retardation Low birth weight Pre-term birth Compromised immune functions Birth defects Cretinism and reduced IQ

Answer 4

Children with obesity are at higher risk of having other chronic health conditions and diseases that influence physical health These include asthma, sleep apnea, bone and joint problems, type 2 diabetes, and risk factors for heart disease

Answer 5

Advertising of less healthy foods No safe and appealing places to play or be active Limited access to healthy affordable foods

Answer 6

Nearly half of U.S. middle and high schools allow advertising of less healthy foods, which impacts students' ability to make healthy food choices In addition, foods high in total calories, sugars, salt, and fat, and low in nutrients are highly advertised and marketed through media targeted to children and adolescents, while advertising for healthier foods is almost nonexistent in comparison

Answer 7

Many communities are built in ways that make it difficult or unsafe to be physically active For some families, getting to parks and recreation centers may be difficult, and public transportation may not be available For many children, safe routes for walking or biking to school or play may not exist Half of the children in the United States do not have a park, community center, and sidewalk in their neighborhood

Answer 8

Some people have less access to stores and supermarkets that sell healthy, affordable food such as fruits and vegetables, especially in rural, minority, and lower-income neighborhoods Supermarket access is associated with a reduced risk for obesity Choosing healthy foods is difficult for parents who live in areas with an overabundance of food retailers that tend to sell less healthy food, such as convenience stores and fast food restaurants

Answer 9

Greater availability of high-energy-dense foods and sugar sweetened beverages Increasing portion sizes Lack of breastfeeding support

Answer 10

High-energy-dense foods are ones that have a lot of calories in each bite A recent study among children showed that a high-energy-dense diet is associated with a higher risk for excess body fat during childhood Sugar sweetened beverages are the largest source of added sugar and an important contributor of calories in the diets of children in the United States High consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, which have few, if any, nutrients, has been associated with obesity On a typical day, 80% of youth drink sugar sweetened beverages

Answer 11

Portion sizes of less healthy foods and beverages have increased over time in restaurants, grocery stores, and vending machines Research shows that children eat more without realizing it if they are served larger portions This can mean they are consuming a lot of extra calories, especially when eating high-calorie foods

Answer 12

Breastfeeding protects against childhood overweight and obesity The success rate among mothers who want to breastfeed can be improved through active support from their families, friends, communities, clinicians, health care leaders, employers, and policymakers

Answer 13

Nutritional status is strongly predictive of survival and functional status among people living with HIV/AIDS Nutritional problems may occur at any stage of disease and can contribute to impaired immune response, accelerate disease progression, increase the frequency and severity of opportunistic infections, and impede the effectiveness of medications As nutritional changes can occur early in HIV infection, nutrition intervention should begin soon after diagnosis The key components of nutritional care risk are screening, comprehensive baseline evaluation or assessment, and ongoing monitoring and treatment— including self-care training, nutrition education, and various interventions

Answer 14

An estimated 80,000 inmates have diabetes and more than 280,000 have hypertension, with prevalence rates of about 5% and 18%, respectively The current estimated prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in correctional institutions is somewhat lower than the overall U.S. prevalence of these conditions, perhaps because the incarcerated population is younger than the general population