Week 10: Judgement, Decisions and Reasoning

Question 1

judgement

Answer 1

Making a decision or drawing a conclusion.

Question 2

reasoning

Answer 2

Cognitive processes by which people start with information and come to conclusions that go beyond that information. See also Deductive reasoning; Inductive reasoning

Question 2

What is Inductive Reasoning?

Answer 2

Definition: Drawing general conclusions from specific observations or evidence.

past experience, especially those that are highly familiar/frequent

Key Feature: Conclusions are probable, not certain.

Question 3

decision

Answer 3

Making choices between alternatives.

Question 4

Characteristics of Inductive Reasoning

Answer 4

Probabilistic: The conclusion might be true but is not guaranteed.

Strength Varies:
Strong arguments = More likely to be true.
Weak arguments = Less likely to be true.

Question 5

Factors That Affect the Strength of Inductive Arguments

Answer 5

Representativeness of Observations
Do the observations reflect the full category?

Number of Observations
More observations = Stronger conclusion.

Quality of Evidence
High-quality scientific evidence = Stronger argument.

Question 5

inductive reasoning is making a prediction on what ____ happen based on what ____ happened

Answer 5

will, has

Question 5

why do we use shortcuts(heuristics) with inductive reasoning

Answer 5

otherwise it’ll be too time consuming

we need automaticity

Question 6

what are heuristics

Answer 6

shortcuts that help us generalize from specific experiences to broader judgements/conclusions

Question 7

availability heuristic

Answer 7

Judging the likelihood of events based on how easily they come to mind.

more easily remembered, more probable to be judged as likely