Week 10 Grammar

Question 1

What is an adjective?

Answer 1

An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun by describing, qualifying, or limiting - and answers the questions: What kind? How many? Which? Whose?

Question 2

Adjectives must agree with their nouns in ______________, __________________, and _____________.

Answer 2

Adjectives must agree with their nouns in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE.

Question 3

What do you need to know before your an decline an adjective?

Answer 3

You need to know

—If the adjective uses 1st/2nd declension endings OR 3rd declension endings.

AND

—The gender of the noun it is modifying.

Question 4

How do you recognize 1st/2nd declension adjectives?

Answer 4

They are listed in vocabulary lists with “us, a, um” endings.

Example: magnus, a, um

Question 5

If a 1st/2nd declension adjective is modifying a masculine noun, how do you decline the adjective?

Answer 5

You use the 2nd declension masculine endings, like SERVUS, Ī

us ī
ī ōrum
ō īs
um ōs
ō īs

Question 6

If a 1st/2nd declension adjective is modifying a feminine noun, how do you decline the adjective?

Answer 6

You use the 1st declension endings, like PORTA, AE

a ae
ae ārum
ae īs
ae ās
ā īs

Question 7

If a 1st/2nd declension adjective is modifying a neuter noun, how do you decline the adjective?

Answer 7

You use the 2nd declension neuter endings, like BELLUM, Ī

um a
ī ōrum
ō īs
um a
ō īs

Question 8

Adjectives are grouped into two main classes. What are they?

Answer 8

—Those which use the 1st and 2nd declension endings.

—Those that use the 3rd declension endings.

Question 9

Summarize how to decline a 1st/2nd declension adjective.

Answer 9

Step 1- Drop the “us, a, um” to find the stem.

Step 2: If the noun it is modifying is

Masculine….. decline the adjective like servus, ī

Feminine……..decline the adjective like porta, ae

Neuter………..decline the adjective like bellum, ī

Step 3 - use the ending that matches the number, gender, and case of the noun it is modifying.

Question 10

Do adjectives go before or after the noun they modify?

Answer 10

Use the “Walmart Rule.” QUANTITY over QUALITY.

Adjectives of quantity (numbers) - like multus and magnus - precede their nouns.

Adjectives of quality (descriptive) - like malus and bonus - follow their nouns.

Note: these are general patterns, not firm rules.