Week 10 - Athletic Injury and Addictive and Unhealthy Behaviours

Question 1

Injury

Answer 1

trauma to the body or its parts = temporary or sometimes permanent physical ability & inhibition of motor function

Question 2

How injuries occur - physical factors

Answer 2

muscle imbalance, high speed collisions, overtraining and physical fatigue

Question 3

How injuries occur - social factors

Answer 3

perception that playing with pain/injury is seen as highly valued in society

Question 4

How injuries occur - psychological factors

Answer 4

stressors poor coping strategies and the athlete’s psychological skills influence the onset of injury

Question 5

How injuries occur - personality factors

Answer 5

has not been successfully identified as a cause of injury - optimism, self esteem, and hardiness play a role (minimal evidence)

Question 6

How injuries occur - stress levels

Answer 6

people with high levels of stress = more sport and exercise related injuries.

Question 7

What does the stress-injury relationship cause?

Answer 7

attentional disruption and increased muscle tension

Question 8

what chemicals are increased by psychological stress

Answer 8

catecholamines and glucocorticoids

Question 9

What is the effect of increased catecholamines and glucocorticoids?

Answer 9

impairs the movement of healing immune cells to the site of injury and interfere with the removal of damaged tissue.

Question 10

What is a physiological effect of prolonged stress?

Answer 10

decrease actions of insulin-like growth hormones that are critical during the rebuilding process.

Question 11

What are the three general categories of emotional reactions to being injured

Answer 11

1) Injury Relevant Processing
2) Emotional upheaval and reactive behaviours
3) Positive outlook, coping

Question 12

Consequences of injury

Answer 12

identity loss, fear and anxiety, lack of confidence, performance decrements, group processes

Question 13

What are the three processes in injury rehabilitation

Answer 13

1) injury or illness phase
2) rehabilitation and recovery phase
3) return to full activity phase

Question 14

injury or illness phase

Answer 14

focuses on helping the athlete understand the injury

Question 15

rehabilitation and recovery phase

Answer 15

focuses attention on helping sustain motivation and adherence to rehabilitation protocols

Question 16

return to full activity phase

Answer 16

athlete is physically cleared for participation (complete recovery does not happen until normal competitive functioning occurs)

Question 17

What are the roles of sport psychology in injury rehabilitation

Answer 17

educate injured person, teach specific coping skills, teach how to cope with set backs, learn from injured athletes

Question 18

What are the roles of sport psychology in injury rehabilitation (continued)

Answer 18

identify athletes and exercisers who are at high risk for injury, build rapport with the injured party and foster and provide social support to the athlete.

Question 19

What is Anorexia nervosa characterised by

Answer 19

• intense fear of becoming obese
• disturbed body image
• significant weight loss
• refusal to maintain normal BW
• Amenorrhea (abnormal menstruation)

Question 20

What is Bulimia

Answer 20

it is an episodic eating pattern of uncontrollable food bingeing followed by purging.

Question 21

What is Bulimia characterised by

Answer 21

• an awareness that the pattern is abnormal
• fear of being unable to stop eating voluntarily
• depressed mood
• self-depreciation

Question 22

What is the lifetime prevalence of Bulimia

Answer 22

1.5% in men and 0.5% in females

Question 23

What is the lifetime prevalence of binge eating disorder

Answer 23

3.5% in women and 2% in men

Question 24

What is the percentage of female athletes that may be amenoorheic?

Answer 24

Up to 66%

Question 25

Internal factors contributing to the onset of eating disorder symptoms

Answer 25

negative mood, low self esteem, perfectionism in achievement, desire for control

Question 26

External factors contributing to the onset of eating disorder symptoms

Answer 26

negative influences on self esteem, hurtful relationships, hurtful role models, sport performance

Question 27

Do’s and Don’ts of dealing with eating disorders

Answer 27

Do
- support and empathy
- emphasise the importance of nutrition
- make a referral for professional treatment

Don’t
- Hold team weigh ins
- single out individual in front of team
- discuss the problem with nonprofessionals

Question 28

What percentage of elite athletes said they would take a banned performance-enhancing substance

Answer 28

98%

Question 29

What percentage of elite athletes said they would take a banned performance-enhancing substance even if it meant they would die from side effects

Answer 29

60%

Question 30

Substance Abuse

Answer 30

maladaptive pattern of psychoactive substance use, indicated by at least one of the following: continued use or recurrent use

Question 31

drug addiction

Answer 31

a state in which either discontinuing or continual use of a drug creates an overwhelming desire, need and craving for more of the substance.

Question 32

Physical reasons of wanting to take drugs

Answer 32

enhance performance
rehabilitate injury
look better
control appetite and lose weight

Question 33

Psychological reasons of wanting to take drugs

Answer 33

escape from unpleasant emotions or stress
build confidence or enhance self esteem
seek thrills

Question 34

Social reasons of wanting to take drugs

Answer 34

peer pressure
emulating athletic heroes

Question 35

6 major categories of performance enhancing drugs

Answer 35

stimulants, narcotic analgesics, anabolic steroids, beta blockers, diuretics, peptide hormones and analogues

Question 36

common side effects of recreational drug use

Answer 36

mood swings
distorted vision
decreased RT
changes in blood pressure
increased HR
reduced strength, endurance, speed

Question 37

DSDM

Answer 37

Drugs in Sport Decision Model

Question 38

What is the DSDM

Answer 38

states that individuals conduct a cost-benefit analysis of the consequences of law-breaking behaviour before deciding to break a law

Question 39

What are the 3 components of DSDM

Answer 39

• cost of decision to use
• benefits associated with using
• specific situational factors that may affect the cost-benefit analysis of using

Question 40

exercise addiction

Answer 40

psychological or physiological dependence on a regular regimen of exercise that is characterised by withdrawal symptoms after 24 to 36 hrs w/o exercise

Question 41

primary exercise dependence

Answer 41

exercise is an end in itself - may include altered eating behaviours for the purpose of enhancing performance.

Question 42

secondary exercise dependence

Answer 42

exercise is a symptom of another primary pathological condition e.g a eating disorder

Question 43

sexual harassment

Answer 43

behaviour toward an individual that involves sexualised verbal, non verbal or physical behaviour, whether intended or unintended - based on an abuse of power and trust (unwanted or coerced)

Question 44

situational risk factors

Answer 44

going to coach’s house, getting massages from coach and being driven home by coach

Question 45

personal risk factors

Answer 45

athlete’s low self esteem, distant parent-athlete relationships and devotion to the coach