Week 10- 1980's To End Of Cold War

Question 1

What does PSYOP stand for?

Answer 1

Psychological operations

Question 2

What did PSYOP involve?

Answer 2

Naval I’m da boss exercises- a series of naval operations that demonstrated how close NATO ships could get to critical Soviet Military bases
Airspace I’m da boss exercises- American bombers also flew directly towards Soviet airspace, peeling off at the last minute. Designed to test Soviet radar vulnerability as well as demonstrate US capabilities in a nuclear war.

Question 3

What event of 1983, involving a plane, causes extreme tension?

Answer 3

A South Korean passenger airliner strays across Soviet Border- shot down and passenger and crew killed

Question 4

Talk about operation able archer 83?

Answer 4

Operation Able Archer 83 is begun by NATO forces. It is a stimulated period of conflict escalation. It uses new, unique formats of coded communication,radio silences and participation of heads of government.

Question 5

What did some Soviet leaders think of operation able archer 83?

Answer 5

Some Soviet leaders believed that the exercise was a cover for a real attack.

Question 6

How does Ronald Reagan respond upon discovering that the Soviets thought that the NATO exercise was an armed attack?

Answer 6

President Reagan is reported to have responded with “ genuine anxiety” in disbelief that a regular NATO exercise could have lead to an armed attack.

Question 7

From 1984/85 Soviet leader Andropov dies and is replaced with Cherenenko-who then also dies. Who comes next?

Answer 7

Soviets decide to turn to the next, younger generation of leaders. Mikhail Gorbachev becomes leader.

Question 8

What were the two key policies that Gorbachev introduced and what did they mean?

Answer 8

Gorbachev introduces two key policies: “Perestroika”- Economic restructuring (opening up the Soviet Union to the West) and “Glastnost”- openness with the world ( removing the iron curtain and allowing discussions about democracy)

Question 9

Gorbachev wants to change the Foreign policy. What events reveal this?

Answer 9

1. Gorbachev and Reagan sign INF Treaty- removes medium-range missiles from US and Soviet Forces
2. Gorbachev says he wants to end the Cold War
3. Communists lose power in Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia and EAST GERMANY

Question 10

When was the Berlin Wall erected?

Answer 10

1961

Question 11

What happened before the Berlin Wall was built?

Answer 11

Millions of East Germans defected allowing them to travel to West Germany and other Western European countries.

Question 12

Between 1961 and 1989 were East Germans able to emigrate to west Germany?

Answer 12

Between 1961 and 1989, the wall prevented almost all emigration.

Question 13

What did the Berlin Wall become a symbol of?

Answer 13

The Berlin Wall became a symbol of the oppression and tyranny of Communism to the western world.

Question 14

What happened to the Berlin Wall in 1989?

Answer 14

Following the peaceful revolution by Eastern Berliners to allow them to leave the communist state, the wall is allowed to fall.

Question 15

Explain the slow decline and end of the Cold War chronologically ?

Answer 15

1. CFE is signed cutting dramatically the number of conventional forces in Europe (1990)
2. START treaty is signed, cutting the numbers of ICBMS on both sides(1991)
3. Last effort by “old school” communists to overthrow Gorbachev fails. ( 1991)
4. Soviet Union is ended. Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) created

Question 16

What happened in the beginning of Hungarian Revolution?

Answer 16

The Death of Stalin (1953) and current, more moderate leader, Khrushchev, lead many Hungarians to hope that Hungary would also be de-stalinised. During October 1956, students, workers and soldiers in Hungary attacked the Russian Soldiers, and smashed a statue of Stalin.

Question 17

What happened when the moderate,western Prime minister of Hungary Imre Nagy asked Khrushchev to move the Russian troops out of Hungary?

Answer 17

Khrushchev agreed.

Question 18

What happened when Hungary decided that they wanted to leave WARSAW?

Answer 18

Khrushchev was not happy with this and the soviets change their mind and tanks come into Hungary.

Question 19

What did Hungary Demonstrate?

Answer 19

Hungary demonstrates the limitations of US foreign policy.The USA would prevent communism from spreading into democratic states (containment) but was not willing to intervene in countries that were already communist. The risk of nuclear war was too high.

Question 20

Who is Khrushchev replaced by when he is removed from power?

Answer 20

Leonid Brezhnev

Question 21

What is Brezhnev’s approach?

Answer 21

Brezhnev has a hard-line, extreme approach that it was felt Khrushchev lacked in dealings over Cuba.

Question 22

What does Brezhnev want to do?

Answer 22

Brezhnev wants to continue the growth and strength of communism globally.

Question 23

What does the Brezhnev Doctrine say?

Answer 23

The Soviets will interfere in the affairs of any communist state to maintain communism. Anti-communist ideas or any rise of popularity of democracy- will be crushed in the satellite states. This type of brutal crushing of democratic uprising in Hungary seen 10 years prior was to be revived.

Question 24

Who is Brezhnev replaced with when he dies?

Answer 24

Brezhnev is replaced by similarly old-school Yuri Andropov