Week 10 Flashcards
What is a personality disorder?
traits such as emotions or bahviour that result in emotional distress
T/F People with personality disorder always feel distress from their impairment
False- antisocial personality disorder is an example of someone who does not care about the results of their actions
What DSM used axis to categorize personality disorders?
DSM-IV-TR
What are the benefits to having a diagnostic model that is both categorical and dimensional?
retain more info about patients, more flexible, avoid decisions of classification
What is cluster A called
odd or eccentric
What is cluster B called
dramatic. emotional or erratic- elevated impulsivity
What is cluster B called
anxious or fearful
What disorders are in cluster A
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
What disorders are in cluster B
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
What disorders are in cluster C
avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive
What is the prevalence of personality disorders in the US
roughly 10%
T/F Low income countries have higher rates of personality disorder
False
What is paranoid personality disorder
unjustified suspicion of others
What is the best treatment for paranoid personality disorder
cognitive restructuring to change perceptions of mistrust
What is schizoid personality disorder
social detachment and limited expression of emotions
What neurotransmitter might be associated with schizoid PD and autism
dopamine
What is the best way to treat schizoid PD
building social skills through role playing with a therapist
what is schizotypal PD
lack of social relationships with cog and perceptual distortions- similar to schizophrenia
T/F people with schizotypal PD is increased when someone in the family has schizophrenia
True
How can you prevent schizophrenia from developing when someone shows signs of schizotypal PD
antipsychotic meds, CBT therapy, social skills training
What is antisocial personality disorder
disregard for rights of others
What is the difference between antisocial PD and psychopathy
emphasis on overt behaviour rather than personality traits for antisocial
What distinguishes people with antisocial PD from getting in trouble with the law
IQ- lower have more trouble with law
What is conduct disorder
disorder for people that violate social norms- can be child or adolescent onset and can be with remorse or not
What are some cog differences found in psychopaths
executive functions and attention- maintain plans and inhibit irrelevant info
What is the underarousal hypothesis for antisocial PD
low levels of cortical arousal- Yerkes-Dodson curve that suggests low or high levels of arousal show greater negative affect and poor performance compared to intermediate levels- thrill seeking activities give these people the same feeling that other people would get from normal activities like watching TV
What is the cortical immature hypothesis for antisocial PD
suggests cortical region of the brain is underdeveloped in people with antisocial PD which accounts for impulsive and childlike behaviour but does not explain their ability to make elaborate plans
What is the fearlessness hypothesis in antisocial PD
higher threshold for fear response- might have trouble associating cues with trouble and therefore do not have capacity for impulse control due to lack of strong cues to avert behaviour
How does the neurotransmitter MAOA impact the development of antisocial behaviours when trauma is present
high levels of MAOA can break down other neurotransmitters to better handle stress and reduce consequences
What trait was found in antisocial prisoners in the card task
failure to abandon an unattainable goal
What is one social cause in childhood for antisocial PD
inconsistent parenting- child learns that they get what they want when they fight back and parents receive temporary peace when they let in
What is one way to help prevent antisocial PD
parenting training when kids are young
What is histrionic PD
excessive emotions and attention seeking
What is borderline personality disorder
instability of relationships, self image, impulse control
What part of the brain is associated with borderline personality disorder?
The limbic system- emotional regulation and control of serotonin
What do morphing studies suggest about people with borderline PD
They report greater emotional intensity and fluctuations
What disorder does borderline PD resemble
PTSD
What form of CBT has shown some success in treating borderline PD
dialectical behaviour therapy where patients are taught to cope with stressors and other functions that they did not learn properly
What subtype of borderline PD is suggested to not be helped with couples therapy
impulsive
What is narcissistic PD
grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy
What is avoidant PD
social inhibition, feeling inadequate, hypersensitive to criticism
What is one difference between schizoid PD and avoidant PD
schizoid is a lack of interest in socialization and avoidant is anxiety and fear of rejection
What is a behavioural inhibition and what group of PDs is it related to
heritable temperament of avoiding unfamiliar situations- found commonly in group C PD patients
What is dependent PD
need to be taken care of and clinging behaviour with a fear of abandonment
How do avoidant PD versus dependent PD patients react to their feelings of inadequacy and need for assurance
Avoidant people avoid relationships while dependent cling
What personality orientation is most associated with dependent PD
sociotropy
What is obsessive-compulsive PD
preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism
Which psychosocial interventions are the most effective for ASD?
Ones that are systematic and focused on specific skill
What are naturalistic teaching strategies
moving away from classroom settings and teaching in common social situations
What is ID or IDD
Intellectual disability- below average intellectual functioning- conceptual, social and practical
How does the AAIDD diagnosis of ID differ from the DSM
AAIDD focuses on the areas where the person needs assistance
What are aminocentesis and chorionic villus sampling
tests during pregnancy that can predict Down Syndrome
What are the symptoms of fragile X syndrome
short attention spans, gaze avoidance, repeating the same words
