Week 10

Question 1

What is a personality disorder?

Answer 1

traits such as emotions or bahviour that result in emotional distress

Question 2

T/F People with personality disorder always feel distress from their impairment

Answer 2

False- antisocial personality disorder is an example of someone who does not care about the results of their actions

Question 3

What DSM used axis to categorize personality disorders?

Answer 3

DSM-IV-TR

Question 4

What are the benefits to having a diagnostic model that is both categorical and dimensional?

Answer 4

retain more info about patients, more flexible, avoid decisions of classification

Question 5

What is cluster A called

Answer 5

odd or eccentric

Question 6

What is cluster B called

Answer 6

dramatic. emotional or erratic- elevated impulsivity

Question 7

What is cluster B called

Answer 7

anxious or fearful

Question 8

What disorders are in cluster A

Answer 8

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

Question 9

What disorders are in cluster B

Answer 9

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

Question 10

What disorders are in cluster C

Answer 10

avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

Question 11

What is the prevalence of personality disorders in the US

Answer 11

roughly 10%

Question 12

T/F Low income countries have higher rates of personality disorder

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What is paranoid personality disorder

Answer 13

unjustified suspicion of others

Question 14

What is the best treatment for paranoid personality disorder

Answer 14

cognitive restructuring to change perceptions of mistrust

Question 15

What is schizoid personality disorder

Answer 15

social detachment and limited expression of emotions

Question 16

What neurotransmitter might be associated with schizoid PD and autism

Answer 16

dopamine

Question 17

What is the best way to treat schizoid PD

Answer 17

building social skills through role playing with a therapist

Question 18

what is schizotypal PD

Answer 18

lack of social relationships with cog and perceptual distortions- similar to schizophrenia

Question 19

T/F people with schizotypal PD is increased when someone in the family has schizophrenia

Answer 19

True

Question 20

How can you prevent schizophrenia from developing when someone shows signs of schizotypal PD

Answer 20

antipsychotic meds, CBT therapy, social skills training

Question 21

What is antisocial personality disorder

Answer 21

disregard for rights of others

Question 22

What is the difference between antisocial PD and psychopathy

Answer 22

emphasis on overt behaviour rather than personality traits for antisocial

Question 23

What distinguishes people with antisocial PD from getting in trouble with the law

Answer 23

IQ- lower have more trouble with law

Question 24

What is conduct disorder

Answer 24

disorder for people that violate social norms- can be child or adolescent onset and can be with remorse or not

Question 25

What are some cog differences found in psychopaths

Answer 25

executive functions and attention- maintain plans and inhibit irrelevant info

Question 26

What is the underarousal hypothesis for antisocial PD

Answer 26

low levels of cortical arousal- Yerkes-Dodson curve that suggests low or high levels of arousal show greater negative affect and poor performance compared to intermediate levels- thrill seeking activities give these people the same feeling that other people would get from normal activities like watching TV

Question 27

What is the cortical immature hypothesis for antisocial PD

Answer 27

suggests cortical region of the brain is underdeveloped in people with antisocial PD which accounts for impulsive and childlike behaviour but does not explain their ability to make elaborate plans

Question 28

What is the fearlessness hypothesis in antisocial PD

Answer 28

higher threshold for fear response- might have trouble associating cues with trouble and therefore do not have capacity for impulse control due to lack of strong cues to avert behaviour

Question 29

How does the neurotransmitter MAOA impact the development of antisocial behaviours when trauma is present

Answer 29

high levels of MAOA can break down other neurotransmitters to better handle stress and reduce consequences

Question 30

What trait was found in antisocial prisoners in the card task

Answer 30

failure to abandon an unattainable goal

Question 31

What is one social cause in childhood for antisocial PD

Answer 31

inconsistent parenting- child learns that they get what they want when they fight back and parents receive temporary peace when they let in

Question 32

What is one way to help prevent antisocial PD

Answer 32

parenting training when kids are young

Question 33

What is histrionic PD

Answer 33

excessive emotions and attention seeking

Question 34

What is borderline personality disorder

Answer 34

instability of relationships, self image, impulse control

Question 35

What part of the brain is associated with borderline personality disorder?

Answer 35

The limbic system- emotional regulation and control of serotonin

Question 36

What do morphing studies suggest about people with borderline PD

Answer 36

They report greater emotional intensity and fluctuations

Question 37

What disorder does borderline PD resemble

Answer 37

PTSD

Question 38

What form of CBT has shown some success in treating borderline PD

Answer 38

dialectical behaviour therapy where patients are taught to cope with stressors and other functions that they did not learn properly

Question 39

What subtype of borderline PD is suggested to not be helped with couples therapy

Answer 39

impulsive

Question 40

What is narcissistic PD

Answer 40

grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy

Question 41

What is avoidant PD

Answer 41

social inhibition, feeling inadequate, hypersensitive to criticism

Question 42

What is one difference between schizoid PD and avoidant PD

Answer 42

schizoid is a lack of interest in socialization and avoidant is anxiety and fear of rejection

Question 43

What is a behavioural inhibition and what group of PDs is it related to

Answer 43

heritable temperament of avoiding unfamiliar situations- found commonly in group C PD patients

Question 44

What is dependent PD

Answer 44

need to be taken care of and clinging behaviour with a fear of abandonment

Question 45

How do avoidant PD versus dependent PD patients react to their feelings of inadequacy and need for assurance

Answer 45

Avoidant people avoid relationships while dependent cling

Question 46

What personality orientation is most associated with dependent PD

Answer 46

sociotropy

Question 47

What is obsessive-compulsive PD

Answer 47

preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism

Question 48

Which psychosocial interventions are the most effective for ASD?

Answer 48

Ones that are systematic and focused on specific skill

Question 49

What are naturalistic teaching strategies

Answer 49

moving away from classroom settings and teaching in common social situations

Question 50

What is ID or IDD

Answer 50

Intellectual disability- below average intellectual functioning- conceptual, social and practical

Question 51

How does the AAIDD diagnosis of ID differ from the DSM

Answer 51

AAIDD focuses on the areas where the person needs assistance

Question 52

What are aminocentesis and chorionic villus sampling

Answer 52

tests during pregnancy that can predict Down Syndrome

Question 53

What are the symptoms of fragile X syndrome

Answer 53

short attention spans, gaze avoidance, repeating the same words