Week 10

Question 1

What is an automatic process?

Answer 1

Stimulus driven, involuntary cognitive processes that may exist in parallel to, or even in opposition to, conscious decisions and preferences

Question 2

How can you measure automatic processes?

Answer 2

We can used task performance tests like the IAT test. This is an example of implicit measures

Question 3

How does the Implicit Association test (IAT) work?

Answer 3

This task aims to measure automatic associations involving attitudes. It consists of a target pair (two words) and an attribute pair (two categories)

Question 4

How do you measure the bias via the Implicit Association test (IAT)?

Answer 4

The bias is calculated as the performance on block 1 versus block 2

Subjects tend to be slower and make errors when the wrong target and attribute categories are mapped together

Question 5

How does the Cognitive Bias Modification Training work?

Answer 5

If addiction is caused by automatic processes then a retraining type of intervention may reduce or reverse the bias

Take an implicit association task but make it so that performing the task conflicts with the bias we want to change

For example pushing a joystick away from them when they see alcohol cues in addictions

Question 6

What is a case study that supports Cognitive Bias Modification in Addiction?

Answer 6

Training significantly reduced relapse at one year follow-up compared to no training by a 13%

Question 7

What are the 6 steps of the Communication/Persuasion Matrix Model of Media Effects?

Answer 7

1) Exposure Easiest
2) Attention
3) Comprehension
4) Acceptance
5) Retention
6) Action Hardest

Question 8

What are the limitations of the Communication/Persuasion Matrix Model of Media Effects?

Answer 8

• Independence of steps ( for example mass media messages about drugs and alcohol increased knowledge but did not change attitudes)
• Does not fully explain how actually yielding occurs
• Does not account for individual differences
• Does not account for dialogue