Week 10-11

Question 1

Process by which individuals acquire consumer skills, knowledge and attitudes relevant to their role as consumers in the marketplace.`

Answer 1

consumer socialization

Question 2

Informed by socio-cultural and historic perspectives. Development is an ongoing process. It is not static; it is dynamic.

Answer 2

Cultural Identity

Question 3

denial
defence
minimization
acceptance
adaptation
integration

Answer 3

Developmental Model of Intercultural sensitivity

Question 4

5 Underlying Dimensions of Culture

1. Power Distance
2. Individualism/Collectivism
3. Masculinity/Femininity
4. Uncertainty/Avoidance
5. Long Term Orientation

Answer 4

Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture

Question 5

Focuses on the degree of equality, or inequality between people in a country’s society.

Answer 5

Power Distance Index (PDI)

Question 6

This ranking indicates that inequalities of power and wealth have been allowed to grow within a society.

Answer 6

High Power Distance (PDI)

Question 7

This ranking indicates the society emphasizes the differences between the citizens power and wealth.

Answer 7

Low Power Distance (PDI)

Question 8

Focuses on the degree society reinforces individual or collective, achievement and interpersonal relationships.

Answer 8

Individualism (IDV)

Question 9

This ranking indicates that individuality and individual rights are paramount within the society.

Answer 9

High Individualism (IDV)

Question 10

This ranking typifies societies of a more collectivist nature with close ties between individuals.

Answer 10

Low Individualism (IDV)

Question 11

Me
SELF-other
self-expression
individuality
concept-orientation

Answer 11

Individualism

Question 12

We
Self-OTHER
Social approval
Conformity
Socio-orientation

Answer 12

Collectivism

Question 13

Focuses on the degree society reinforces, or does not reinforce, the traditional masculine work role model of male achievement, control and power.

Answer 13

Masculinity (MAS)

Question 14

This ranking indicates the country experiences a high degree of gender differentiation.

Answer 14

High Masculinity (MAS)

Question 15

This ranking indicates the country has a low level of differentiation and discrimination between genders. In these cultures, females are treated equally to males in all aspects of the society.

Answer 15

Low Masculinity (MAS)

Question 16

Focuses on the level of tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity within a society.

Answer 16

Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)

Question 17

This ranking indicates the country has a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.

Answer 17

High Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI)

Question 18

This ranking indicates the country has less concern about ambiguity and uncertainty and has more tolerance for a variety of options.

Answer 18

Low Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI)

Question 19

Focuses on the degree a society embraces, or does not embrace, long term devotion to traditional, forward-thinking values.

Answer 19

Long-Term Orientation (LTO)

Question 20

This ranking indicates the country prescribes to the values of long-term commitments and respect for tradition.

Answer 20

High Long-Term Orientation (LTO)

Question 21

This ranking indicates the country does not reinforce the concept of long-term, traditional orientation.

Answer 21

Low Low-Term Orientation (LTO)

Question 22

uses implied meanings which arise from setting

Answer 22

High context communication

Question 23

pays more attention to the literal meanings of words than the context that surrounds them

Answer 23

Low context communication

Question 24

Usually communitarian

Answer 24

High context cultures

Question 25

Usually individualistic

Answer 25

Low context cultures

Question 26

People see themselves as part of a circle of relationships
Identity is as a member of a group
In conflict, response is chosen jointly
Maintaining group harmony and cohesion is important
Choices are made in consultation
People are part of a hierarchy
People are accountable to the group

Answer 26

Communitarian/High Context Cultures

Question 27

People see themselves as independent and autonomousIdentity is individual
In conflict, response is individual
Achievement involves individual goal-setting and action
Everyone is capable of making their own choices
People are autonomous
People are accountable to themselves

Answer 27

Individualistic/Low Context Cultures

Question 28

Attitudes towards time:
do one thing at a time
tends to be punctual
“time is money”

Answer 28

Monochronic

Question 29

Attitudes towards time:
do several things at a time
less rigid regarding schedule
business is a form of socialization

Answer 29

Polychronic