Week 1 and 2 Flashcards
Canada’s Top 5 Export Destinations (2016)
- US
- China
- Japan
- Mexico
- UK
Canada’s Top 5 Import Destinations (2016)
- US
- China
- Mexico
- Germany
- Japan
High quality and value: attracts moderate and high-end US retailers to produce their products in Canada.
Advantage of Canadian Clothing and Textile Manufacturers
Innovative design: men’s tailored suit, coat, lingerie/intimate apparel, childrenswear, activewear, fur.
Advantage of Canadian Clothing and Textile Manufacturers
Quick turnaround time: 2 to 3 months faster than Chinese producers
Advantage of Canadian Clothing and Textile Manufacturers
Flexible in smaller run: far more flexible than their US counterparts
Advantage of Canadian Clothing and Textile Manufacturers
Advanced technology
Advantage of Canadian Clothing and Textile Manufacturers
Imports from China, India, Third World and the least developed countries (LDCs) have risen over the last two decades due to the manufacturing costs.
Disadvantage of Canadian Clothing and Textile Manufacturers
The number of domestics manufacturers closing local operations in favour of offshore production.
Disadvantage of Canadian Clothing and Textile Manufacturers
Two countries with lowest minimum monthly wage for garment workers in 2017
Honduras and Guatemala
Fair competition
Benefit of WTO Trading System
Cut cost and raise the standard of living
Benefit of WTO Trading System
More choices for consumers
Benefit of WTO Trading System
Settle disputes
Benefit of WTO Trading System
Economic growth and employment
Benefit of WTO Trading System
Encourages good governance
Benefit of WTO Trading System
Helps countries development
Benefit of WTO Trading System
Peace and stability
Benefit of WTO Trading System
4%+ drop in apparel retail prices from 2006-2008 as a result of quota elimination.
Impact of WTO
China has surpassed Japan to become the world’s second biggest consumer market.
Impact of WTO
India will become an increasingly important sourcing locale for US firms.
Impact of WTO
The opening of apparel retail opportunities in China, India and other emerging markets.
Impact of WTO
Retail Market: Fast-fashion companies
Impact of WTO
Specific Tarriffs
per unit or by weight (ex. per kg)
Ad Valorem Tarriffs
% ad valorem
Combined Tarriffs
$/per kg + % ad valorem
Fordism/Taylorism/Modernism
1930s-1972
Post-Fordism/Postmodernism/Globalization
1973-2004
Replace rule-of-thumb method
Key Element of Taylorism/Scientific Management
Developing mass-standardized method
Key Element of Taylorism/Scientific Management
Division of labour
Key Element of Taylorism/Scientific Management
Equal division of work
Key Element of Taylorism/Scientific Management
Selecting workers
Key Element of Taylorism/Scientific Management
Supporting workers
Key Element of Taylorism/Scientific Management
Giving incentive payments to workers
Key Element of Taylorism/Scientific Management
Manufacturing is not buying low and selling high.
Fordism
Putting service before profit.
Fordism
The separation of different work tasks between different groups of workers.
Key element of Fordism
Parts and components of the motor vehicles are highly standardized
Key element of Fordism
The machines are arranged in the right order to manufacture the product.
Key element of Fordism
Workers are working on an assembly line.
Key element of Fordism
Mass production
Fordism
Standardized Goods
Fordism
Economy of scales
Fordism
Deskilling of work
Fordism
Centralization of information and control
Fordism
Specialized functions and units
Fordism
Clear internal boundaries
Fordism
Bureaucratization of social order
Max Weber
“Iron cage”
Max Weber
Impersonality
Weber’s Characteristics of an Ideal Bureaucracy
Written rules of conduct
Weber’s Characteristics of an Ideal Bureaucracy
Advancement based on achievement
Weber’s Characteristics of an Ideal Bureaucracy
specialized division of labour
Weber’s Characteristics of an Ideal Bureaucracy
Efficiency
Weber’s Characteristics of an Ideal Bureaucracy
“Just-in-tie=me”
Toyotism
Empowerment, or automation with a human touch
Toyotism
George Ritzer
McDonaldization
Efficiency
Calculability
Predictability
Technology/Control
McDonalization
Alan Bryman
Disneyization
Theme
Dedifferentiation of Consumption
Merchandising
Emotional Labour
Disneyization
“The way in which ideas and structures that circulate globally are adapted and changed by local realities.”
Glocalization (Richard Tiplady)
A synonym for mixing or hybridity. Can be defined as different cultural meanings fused to create new forms.
Creolization
A process whereby cultural forms literally move through time and space where they interact with other cultural forms and settings, influence each other, produce new forms and change in cultural setting.
Hybridization
