week 1 vocab Flashcards
the science that seeks to understand behavior and mental processes and to apply that understanding in the service of human welfare
psychology
a field of psychology that focuses on peoples positive experiences and characteristics, such as happiness, optimism, and resilience
positive psychology
psychologists whose research focuses on analysis of the mental processes underlying judgment, decision making, problem solving, imagining, and other aspects of human thought or cognition
cognitive psychologists
psychologists who analyze the biological factors influencing behavior and mental processes
biological psychologists
psychologists who focus on peoples unique characteristics
personality psychologists
Psychologists who seek to understand, describe, and explore how behavior and mental processes change over the course of a lifetime.
developmental psychologists
psychologists who develop statistical methods for evaluating and analyzing data from psychological research
quantitative psychologists
psychologists who seek to assess, understand, modify, and prevent behavior disorders
clinical, counseling and community psychologists
psychologists who study methods by which instructors teach and students learn and who apply their results to improve such methods
educational psychologists
psychologists who test cognitive abilities, diagnose students academic problems, and set up programs to improve students achievement.
school psychologist
psychologists who study how people influence ones another’s behavior and attitudes, especially in groups
social psychologists
psychologists who examine factors that influence peoples performance in the workplace
industrial and organizational psychologists
psychologists who study the effect of behavior on health and the impact of illness on savior and emotion
health psychologists
psychologists whose research is aimed at maximizing athletic performance
sport psychologists
Psychologists who study the relationship between peoples physical environment and their behavior
environmental Psychologists
the view that knowledge comes from experience and observation
empiricism
the awareness of external stimuli and our own mental activity
consciousness
the view that behavior is the result of physical processes, especially those relating to the brain, to hormones and to other chemicals
biological approach
a view that emphasizes the inherited adaptive aspects of behavior and mental processes
evolutionary approach
a view developed by Freud that emphasizes unconscious mental processes in explaining human though, feelings and behavior
psychodynamic approach
a view based on the assumption that human behavior is determined mainly by what a person has learned in life, especially through rewards and punishment
behavioral approach
a view that emphasizes research on how the brain takes in information, creates perceptions, forms and retrieves memories, processes information, and generates integrated patterns of actions
cognitive approach
a view of behavior as controlled by the decisions that people make about their lives based on their perception of the world
humanistic approach
social identity and other background factors such as gender, ethnicity, social class and culture
sociocultural factors
the accumulation of values, rules of behavior, forms of expression, religious beliefs and occupational choices for a group of people who share a common language and environment
culture
(father of experimental psychology) focused on study of consciousness through introspection (looking inward)
Wilhelm Wundt
rejected Wundt’s view of component parts and focused on the whole
Gestalt theory
studied reactions to changes in sensory stimuli psychophysics
Gustav Fechner
Defining the structure of consciousness
Edward Tichner
Studied mental conflicts at the unconscious level psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
the psychological concepts of persona, anima/animus, introvert/extrovert and dream interpretation were developed by this student of Sigmund Freud in the early 20th century
Carl Jung
Developed theory of functionalism ; causal relationships between internal states and external behavior
William James
operant conditioning based on reinforcement/non reinforcement behavior
B.F Skinner
