WEEK 1 SUMMARY; HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTION Flashcards
Define health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Why do we need to understand health models?
They help us understand why people choose their health behaviors they choose. Also help us understand the values, beliefs, and attitudes toward health.
What are the different health models?
- health belief model
- health promotion model
- holistic health model
What are the main characteristics of the health belief model?
- motivated by perception and beliefs
- perception of susceptibility to an illness
- perception about the seriousness of the illness
- the probability that the person will act to prevent avoidable health risk and take preventative action
What is self efficacy ?
Believing in ourselves that we can do something
How can a nurse promote self efficacy with a client ?
It is important that if we believe we can do something it is more likely we will do it
What are the main characteristics of the health Promotion model?
- motivation for health behavior is prior health promotion and the desire to stay healthy
- Individual characteristics: prior related behavior and personal factors
- behavior specific: perception of benefits, barriers, self-efficacy, and influences
- behavior outcomes: commitment to health promotion activities
What are the main characteristics of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
- health behaviors are motivated by unmet needs
What are the highest priorities to address with Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
priorities are meeting basic needs such as physical needs and safety security
What are the main characteristics of the holistic health model?
- motivation for health behaviors is the synergistic use of a variety of different health practices to prevent illness
- focus on the connection of the body and mind, body and environment, use of health remedies, and complementary interventions, and being an active participant in the health process
How do you define wellness ?
The process of self-care and making choices leading to a healthy life
How can nurses help reduce the risk for disease and promote health?
- reducing, quitting smoking
- starting to exercise
- changing diet
- seeking activities that promote health
When a patient has risk factors for a certain disease, in how many years the have a risk for developing the disease?
If the patient has risk factors for a certain disease, they are at an increase for a certain disease, they are at an increased risk to develop the disease in 10 years
What are the three levels of prevention?
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary
What is primary prevention?
- Preventing disease
- modifying factors BEFORE the disease
-Activities: lifestyle changed, nutrition, exercise, and immunization
What is secondary prevention?
- SCREENING for possible disease, early diagnosis and treatment
Activities: PPD testing, colonoscopy, mammogram
What is tertiary prevention?
- TREATMENT and rehab AFTER disease
- Activities: disease management and rehab, support groups
What roles can nurses take on to promote health?
- Model: healthy lifestyles habits
- Educator: teaching clients
- Advocate: promoting changes in community
- caretaker: continuous assessment, including the client and their preferences for a healthy lifestyle
What are modifiable factors influencing health and wellness?
- lifestyle
- environment
- beliefs
- attitudes
- influence of peers
- family
- health care access
What are non modifiable factors influencing health and wellness?
- age
- gender
- genetics
- developmental level
What is acute illness?
short duration less than 6 months, develops quickly, affects bodily function immediately. Think fast and quick
What is chronic illness?
longer duration more than 6 months, develops slowly, may not affect bodily function immediately, irreversible, remission: period of wellness, exacerbation: condition worsen. Think long and drags on,
What are the stages of illness?
Stage 1: symptoms
Stage 2: sick role
Stage 3; seeking medical advice
Stage 4: dependent role
Stage 5: recovery
What is stage 1 of illness?
Symptoms, the patient recognizes something is wrong
What is stage 2 of illness
Sick role; assumes the sick role, excused from everyday obligation; may accept or reject necessity of this roles
What is stage 3 of illness
Seeking medical advice: sick role is legitimized; patients seek medical advice may or may not accept diagnosis that leads to accepting or refusing care
What is stage 4 of illness?
Dependent role: patients undergo treatment: patient feels dependent on others an often not sure about what to do and what is best; patients often ask nurse for feedback
What is stage 5 of illness?
Recovery: patient abandons the sick roles; some people are not willing to let the sick role go because of the attention they are getting and secondary gains
What are some of the things the nurse can do to determine why the patient is not compliant?
- Find out WHY: do they have their basic needs met to be able to follow the recommendations: shelter, food, water, work, money
- Find out why they are not caring for themselves
- Allow client as much freedom as possible in decision making
