WEEK 1 SUMMARY: CULTURE AND ETHNICITY Flashcards
What is culture?
behavior, patterns, beliefs, values, customs, and way of life of a group of people that guide their worldview and decision making
What is ethnicity ?
a person identification with a group based on national origin
What are the elements on culture?
- learned
- symbolic
- shared
- integrated
What is the learned element of culture?
culture is learned and not biologically inherited
What is the symbolic element of culture?
culture is based on symbols which are signs, sounds, clothing, tools, customs, beliefs, rituals, and other items that represent meaningful concepts
What is the shared element of culture?
culture is an attribute of essentially all members of a group not just individuals. people who grew up in particular culture often have other shared values, beliefs, ideas, and expectations
What is the integrated element of culture?
Cultures are integrated, patterned systems, not a haphazard collection of customs and beliefs. If one part of the system changes, other parts of the system change also.
What is Emic Perspective?
focuses on the local, indigenous, and insiders culture
What is enculturation?
process wherby a culture is passed from generation to generation
What is rule of descent?
arbitrarily assigning a race to a person on the basis of societal dictate that associate social identity with ancestry
What is assimilation
process by which individuals from one cultural group merge with or blend into a second group
What is socialization?
process of being reared and nurtured within a culture and acquiring its characteristics
What is acculturation?
mechanism of culture change achieved through the exchange of cultural features resulting from firsthand contact between groups
What is etic perspective?
focuses on the outsiders world and especially on professional views
What is generalization?
a statement, idea, or principle that has a broad application
What is community?
a group of people having a common interest or identity
What is ethnocentrism
Belief that one’s own culture is superior to that of another while using one’s own culture values as the criteria by which to judge other cultures
What is Stereotype?
an idea about a person, group, or event that is thought to be typical of all others in that category
What is prejudice ?
A nagative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority
What is Discrimination?
refer to policies and practices that harm a group and its members
What is race?
A socially constructed concept that tends to group people by common descent, heredity, or physical characteristics
How do people acquire their cultural identity?
- acculturation
- assimilation
- ethnocentrism
- socialization
- family
Why is assessing community practices important in determining health risks?
The nurse must be cognizant of the cultural influences within a specific community that can affect the delivery of care
What is culturally competent/congruent care?
The ability to interact with and appreciate people from different cultures and beliefs
What must nurses do before caring for patients from different cultures?
They should examine their own biases, and attitudes about a cultural group
What are some ways to communicate with patients who are not proficient in English?
you use an interpreter
What are some principles when using an interpreter?
- Use only facility approved medical interpreters so they interpret the words as closely as possible
- DO NOT USE family or other employees as interpreters
- Speak slowly and clearly
- Observe the clients verbal and nonverbal behavior
- Do not interrupt the interpreter
When caring for patients from a different culture what are some of the things nurses must consider?
-Tone of voice
- eye movement
- facial expression
-touch
- use of space
- use of silence
- use of the body
Explain tone of voice
very soft voice = respect
Explain eye movement
eye contact may be considered an invasion of privacy, disrespect, sit and look at patient eye level
explain facial expression
some cultures show little emotions and other may show alot which is why facial expression is important
Explain touch
ALWAYS ask client for permission to touch
Explain use of space
in some cultures being too close is not acceptable ask permission to move closer to the body
Explain use of body
avoid using hand symbols as they could be seen as offensive
Why is it important to assess socioeconomic level and health equity?
assessment of a patient’s employment status, insurance coverage, and educational background can provide data on financial resources that affect access to healthcare
What are some important consideration that must be taken when working on the care plan ?
family, include families in the plan of care; identify one person who will be speaking to the health care and help with patient care
