Week 1 Speed notes Flashcards
6 Characteristics of living things
- complexity
- ability to respond to environmental changes
- energy utilization,
- reproduction
- evolution
- growth.
Biosphere
All areas of the Earth that contain life.
4 (important) Levels of organization within the biosphere
- ecosystems
- communities
- populations
- organisms
Prokaryotes Vs Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
The 7 major taxonomical categories
DKPCOFGS
(DK plays Call Of Family Guy Species)
1. domain
2. kingdom
3. phylum
4. class
5. order
6. family
7. genus
8. species.
The binomial system of nomenclature involves using two names to name a particular organism. What are they?
genus and species
The 3-domain system of classification
- Bacteria
- Archaea
- Eukarya
What do phylogenetic trees represent?
Phylogenetic trees represent evolutionary relationships between organisms.
Schleiden and Schwann’s Cell Theory
All organisms are made up of cells and the cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live.
What are four animal cell organelles?
- plasma membrane
- lysosomes
- mitochondria
- ribosomes.
Plasma membrane (Animal Cell)
Plasma membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell
Lysosomes (Animal Cell)
Lysosomes digest organic particles
Mitochondria (Animal Cell)
Mitochondria produce ATP for energy
Ribosomes (Animal Cell)
Ribosomes are involved in protein production
What are some plant cell organelles?
Chloroplasts and a cell wall.
Chloroplast (Plant Cell)
- Responsible for photosynthesis
- Contain chlorophyll
Cell wall (Plant Cell)
A rigid layer that provides structural support and protection to the cell
What does the endomembrane system consist of?
- Endoplasmic reticulum
a. Smooth ER
b. Rough ER - Golgi apparatus.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Has ribosomes attached
- Involved in protein synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Doesn’t have ribosomes attached
- Involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification
What does the cell nucleus include?
- Nuclear envelope
- nucleolus
- chromatin
What is the Nucleolus made up of?
The nucleolus is composed of:
1. proteins
2. RNA
3. DNA
What does the nuclear envelope do?
It separates the contents of the nucleus (DNA and the nucleolus) from the cytoplasm of the cell
What is chromatin?
- It’s the combination of DNA, RNA, and proteins that make up the genetic material in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
- It is organized into structures called chromosomes during cell division