Week 1 Speed notes

Question 1

6 Characteristics of living things

Answer 1

1. complexity
2. ability to respond to environmental changes
3. energy utilization,
4. reproduction
5. evolution
6. growth.

Question 2

Biosphere

Answer 2

All areas of the Earth that contain life.

Question 3

4 (important) Levels of organization within the biosphere

Answer 3

1. ecosystems
2. communities
3. populations
4. organisms

Question 4

Prokaryotes Vs Eukaryotes

Answer 4

Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 5

The 7 major taxonomical categories

Answer 5

DKPCOFGS
(DK plays Call Of Family Guy Species)
1. domain
2. kingdom
3. phylum
4. class
5. order
6. family
7. genus
8. species.

Question 6

The binomial system of nomenclature involves using two names to name a particular organism. What are they?

Answer 6

genus and species

Question 7

The 3-domain system of classification

Answer 7

1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukarya

Question 8

What do phylogenetic trees represent?

Answer 8

Phylogenetic trees represent evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Question 9

Schleiden and Schwann’s Cell Theory

Answer 9

All organisms are made up of cells and the cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live.

Question 10

What are four animal cell organelles?

Answer 10

1. plasma membrane
2. lysosomes
3. mitochondria
4. ribosomes.

Question 11

Plasma membrane (Animal Cell)

Answer 11

Plasma membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 12

Lysosomes (Animal Cell)

Answer 12

Lysosomes digest organic particles

Question 13

Mitochondria (Animal Cell)

Answer 13

Mitochondria produce ATP for energy

Question 14

Ribosomes (Animal Cell)

Answer 14

Ribosomes are involved in protein production

Question 15

What are some plant cell organelles?

Answer 15

Chloroplasts and a cell wall.

Question 16

Chloroplast (Plant Cell)

Answer 16

1. Responsible for photosynthesis
2. Contain chlorophyll

Question 17

Cell wall (Plant Cell)

Answer 17

A rigid layer that provides structural support and protection to the cell

Question 18

What does the endomembrane system consist of?

Answer 18

1. Endoplasmic reticulum
   a. Smooth ER
   b. Rough ER
2. Golgi apparatus.

Question 19

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 19

1. Has ribosomes attached
2. Involved in protein synthesis

Question 20

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 20

1. Doesn’t have ribosomes attached
2. Involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 21

What does the cell nucleus include?

Answer 21

1. Nuclear envelope
2. nucleolus
3. chromatin

Question 22

What is the Nucleolus made up of?

Answer 22

The nucleolus is composed of:
1. proteins
2. RNA
3. DNA

Question 23

What does the nuclear envelope do?

Answer 23

It separates the contents of the nucleus (DNA and the nucleolus) from the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 24

What is chromatin?

Answer 24

1. It’s the combination of DNA, RNA, and proteins that make up the genetic material in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
2. It is organized into structures called chromosomes during cell division

Question 25

What are clades?

Answer 25

Clades are groups that include a common ancestor and all of its descendants.

Question 26

What conditions must be satisfied when describing natural selection?

Answer 26

1. Populations of organisms MUST have preexisting genetic variation
2. Subpopulations having the beneficial gene (s) (e.g. drug resistance) will always do 2 things:
   2.a Survive
   2.b Reproduce
3. The beneficial genetic variation will be inherited by the offspring giving them the same advantages of the parents.

Question 27

What is genetic drift?

Answer 27

1. The fluctuation of allele frequencies due to chance and can reduce genetic variation through losses of alleles.