Week 1: Biosphere & Taxonomy, Evolution, Viruses Flashcards
Characteristics of Living Things
- Complex/Highly organised
- Respond to environment stimuli
- Use energy
- Reproduce
- Populations of living things evolve
- Growth
Biosphere
All areas of the Earth that contain life
Ecosystems
-A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
- Contains all living and non-living components of the environment
Community
Refers to the different species that live in a particular ECOSYSTEM
Population
members of a single SPECIES that occupy a given area
Organisms
- The individuals of a population
- Can be made up of ORGANS SYSTEMS which can have specialized functions
Organ Systems
Made up of structures with specialized functions called ORGANS
Organs
Made up of different types of tissues
Cells
- Fundamental units of life
- Contain all the characteristics of life
Organelles
Structures within cells that have specialized functions
Levels of organisation
-Biosphere
-Ecosystem
-Community
-Population
-Organism
-Organ
-Tissue
-Cell
-Organelle
-Molecule
-Atom
Schleiden and Schwann’s Cell Theory
- All organisms are made of cells
- The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live
Prokaryotes
- No membrane around nuclei
- No membrane bound organelles
- Cells are small compared to eukaryotes
- Peptidoglycans are in the cell wall (for bacteria)
- Circular chromosomes
- No histones associated with the DNA
Eukaryotes
- Membrane bound nuclei
- Has membrane bound organelles (mitochondria/chloroplasts)
- Cells are large compared to prokaryotes
- No peptidoglycans in cell wall
- Linear chromosomes
- Histones are associated with the DNA
Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes:
- Have peptidoglycans in cell wall
- Have circular chromosomes
- are smaller than eukaryotes
Eukaryotes:
- Have membrane bound nuclei
- Have membrane bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts)
- Histones associated with the DNA
Plasma (cell) membrane
-Controls what goes into and out of the cell
-separates the internal cell environment from the outside environment
Lysosomes
-contain enzymes
-responsible for digestion if organic particles in the cell
Mitochondria
In animal cells, they produce Adenosine Triphosphate by cellular respiration
Adenosine Triphosphate
Energy rich molecule that drives metabolism in cells
Ribosomes
- Non membranous organelles
- involved in the production of proteins
Types of Endoplasmic reticulum
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Associated with the transport of proteins from attached ribosome
- provides proteins containing vesicles to the Golgi
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- has a function in detoxification
- produces a number of steroids in humans
Golgi
- processes and packages material for export or use within cell
- various types of vesicles are produces with different destinations