Week 1: Biosphere & Taxonomy, Evolution, Viruses

Question 1

Characteristics of Living Things

Answer 1

• Complex/Highly organised
• Respond to environment stimuli
• Use energy
• Reproduce
• Populations of living things evolve
• Growth

Question 2

Biosphere

Answer 2

All areas of the Earth that contain life

Question 3

Ecosystems

Answer 3

-A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
- Contains all living and non-living components of the environment

Question 4

Community

Answer 4

Refers to the different species that live in a particular ECOSYSTEM

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

members of a single SPECIES that occupy a given area

Question 6

Organisms

Answer 6

• The individuals of a population
• Can be made up of ORGANS SYSTEMS which can have specialized functions

Question 7

Organ Systems

Answer 7

Made up of structures with specialized functions called ORGANS

Question 8

Organs

Answer 8

Made up of different types of tissues

Question 9

Cells

Answer 9

• Fundamental units of life
• Contain all the characteristics of life

Question 10

Organelles

Answer 10

Structures within cells that have specialized functions

Question 11

Levels of organisation

Answer 11

-Biosphere
-Ecosystem
-Community
-Population
-Organism
-Organ
-Tissue
-Cell
-Organelle
-Molecule
-Atom

Question 12

Schleiden and Schwann’s Cell Theory

Answer 12

1. All organisms are made of cells
2. The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live

Question 13

Prokaryotes

Answer 13

1. No membrane around nuclei
2. No membrane bound organelles
3. Cells are small compared to eukaryotes
4. Peptidoglycans are in the cell wall (for bacteria)
5. Circular chromosomes
6. No histones associated with the DNA

Question 14

Eukaryotes

Answer 14

1. Membrane bound nuclei
2. Has membrane bound organelles (mitochondria/chloroplasts)
3. Cells are large compared to prokaryotes
4. No peptidoglycans in cell wall
5. Linear chromosomes
6. Histones are associated with the DNA

Question 15

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

Answer 15

Prokaryotes:
- Have peptidoglycans in cell wall
- Have circular chromosomes
- are smaller than eukaryotes

Eukaryotes:
- Have membrane bound nuclei
- Have membrane bound organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts)
- Histones associated with the DNA

Question 16

Plasma (cell) membrane

Answer 16

-Controls what goes into and out of the cell
-separates the internal cell environment from the outside environment

Question 17

Lysosomes

Answer 17

-contain enzymes
-responsible for digestion if organic particles in the cell

Question 18

Mitochondria

Answer 18

In animal cells, they produce Adenosine Triphosphate by cellular respiration

Question 19

Adenosine Triphosphate

Answer 19

Energy rich molecule that drives metabolism in cells

Question 20

Ribosomes

Answer 20

• Non membranous organelles
• involved in the production of proteins

Question 21

Types of Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

1. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
2. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

• Associated with the transport of proteins from attached ribosome
• provides proteins containing vesicles to the Golgi

Question 23

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 23

• has a function in detoxification
• produces a number of steroids in humans

Question 24

Golgi

Answer 24

• processes and packages material for export or use within cell
• various types of vesicles are produces with different destinations

Question 25

Vesicle

Answer 25

• A small sac formed by a membrane and filled with liquid.
• Vesicles inside cells move substances into or out of the cell.