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PARASITOLOGY > WEEK 1 PRELIMS > Flashcards

WEEK 1 PRELIMS Flashcards

1
Q

The area of biology which is concerned with the phenomenon
of dependence of one living organism on another.

A

PARASITOLOGY

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2
Q

Organism that supports or harbors a parasite.

A

HOST

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3
Q

Capable of transmitting the organism from one
place to another.

A

VECTOR

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4
Q

Number of new infections in a population in a given
period.

A

INCIDENCE

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5
Q
  • Totally dependent on another organism for survival and
    reproduction.
  • Without that particular organism, the parasites could die.

what type of parasites

A

obligate parasites

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6
Q
  • Also known as paratenic hosts
  • Responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to
    another.
A

transport host

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7
Q
  • Parasite harboring host that is not exhibiting any clinical
    symptoms but can infect others.
A

carrier

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8
Q

________ HOST
* Harboring parasites that are parasitic for humans and form
which humans may become infected.

A

RESERVOIR

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9
Q

_________ HOST
* In which the adult sexual phase of parasite development
occurs
* harbors the fully mature, or adult parasite

A

DEFINITIVE

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10
Q

_________ HOST
* In which the larval asexual phase of parasite development
occurs
* Harbors the immature or larval forms of the parasite.

A

INTERMEDIATE

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11
Q

_______________PARASITES
* Also known as an “opportunist/opportunistic”
* Assume either a free-living state or a parasitic state.

A

FACULTATIVE

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12
Q

_________PARASITES
* Totally dependent on another organism for survival and
reproduction.

A

INCIDENTAL

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13
Q

_________PARASITES
* Free-living organisms in nature that are parasitic to others but
not in humans.

A

SPURIOUS

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14
Q

_________ VECTOR
* The parasite is seen inside the body of this organism and the
parasite needs this organism for its development.
* Ex. Mosquitoes and tsetse flies

A

BIOLOGICAL

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15
Q

Close association of two organisms, whereby a give and take relationship
exists in ??

A

symbiosis ( same species)

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16
Q

A relationship that is beneficial to both organism is called

A

mutualism (2 different species)

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17
Q

If one organism derives benefits without reciprocating and/or
harming the other organism is called

A

commensalism (2 different ORGANISMS)

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18
Q

Association of two different species of organisms that is
beneficial to one at the other’s expense.

A

parasitism

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19
Q
  • Parasite living outside the body of the host
  • Will not penetrate into the tissues
  • Living on the surface of the skin
  • Infestation
A

ectoparasite *OUTSIDE

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20
Q
  • Parasite living inside the body of the host
  • Living within the body of the host (infection)
  • Usually these are responsible to cause human infections
A

ENDOPARASITE *inside

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21
Q

Lives I organic substances in state of decomposition

A

saprophytes

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21
Q

The act or process of inoculation

A

exposure

21
Q

The time from the entry of the organisms until
they may be recovered in body fluids, tissues,
or excretions without any manifestation yet.

A

pre-patent period

22
Q
  • When an individual harboring a parasite is reinfected with the
    same species of parasite.
  • Two organisms but same species
A

superinfection

22
Q

The time of entry of a disease-causing organism into the body of the host until the earliest sign or symptom of the infection appear.

A

clinical incubation period

23
Q
  • When the infected person is his own direct source of
    reexposure.
A

AUTOINFECTION

24
Q

Person-to-person transfer is a common mode of transmission of infectious agents is called

A

horizontal transmission

25
Q

________ INFECTIONS
* Parasites that originated from animal

A

ZOONOTIC

26
Q

Infections with parasites may be treated with ____________,
through surgical intervention or a combination of both.

A

chemotherapy

27
Q
  • Unicellular
  • Can perform life processes using their organelles
A

PROTOZOA

28
Q
  • Multicellular
  • Have organ systems that perform complex processes of life.
A

METAZOA

29
Q

Stool samples suspected to contain trophozoites must be examined within __________ after collection

A

30 minutes

30
Q
  • Formation of cyst from trophozoite
A

ENCYSTATION

31
Q

There is multiplication of the nucleus in the cyst form thus resulting to numerous daughter organisms when the parasite later transforms into the trophozoite stage.

A

REPRODUCTIVE ENCYSTATIONS

32
Q
  • The process of producing trophozoites from cyst.
A

EXCYSTATION

33
Q

Excystation happens in the ??

A

small intestine

34
Q

An aggregate mass of granules, inside the nucleus, is the?

A

karyosome

35
Q

_________ nucleus is seen in
Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba
coli, and Endolimax nana.

A

Vesicular

36
Q

The macronucleus of Balantidium coli is an example of what nucleus?

A

compact nucleus

37
Q

the interior of the cell where organelles are found.

A

cytoplasm

38
Q

▪ Densely granular part containing
nucleus, stored food, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, microsomes, and endoplasmic reticulum.

what portion of the cytoplasm?

A

Endoplasm

39
Q

Less granular and more homogenous part of the cytoplasm that envelops the endoplasm.

A

ectoplasm

40
Q

Semi-permeable limiting boundary of the trophozoite that
controls in-take and output of nutrients, secretion, and
excretion, and maintains the normal concentration of the
plasma substance.

A

plasma membrane

41
Q

Some protozoa have a specialized “cell mouth” called??

A

cytostome

42
Q

Ciliophora have numerous short, thread-like structures called?

A

cilia

43
Q

type of encystations that has
no significant morphologic change after encystation

A

protective encystation

44
Q

a single image seen
by the left and right eye at the same time

A

convergent image

45
Q

used to compensate for the difference in eyesight between the eyes

A

diopter adjustment

46
Q

the most common specimen examined in the section
of parasitology

A

FECES OR STOOL

47
Q

the most common procedure done in parasitology laboratories

A

DIRECT FECAL SMEAR

48
Q

by-products of eosinophil disintegration, which often seen in intestinal parasitism that attracts eosinophils, such as hookworm infection and amoebiasis.

A

CHARCOT-LEYDEN CRYSTALS

49
Q

plenty of meat fibers in stool

A

CREATORRHEA

50
Q

a common crystal found in the urine

A

CaC2O4 (calcium oxalate)

51
Q
A

PARASITOLOGY (5 decks)

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