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PARASITOLOGY > PRELIMS 15% > Flashcards

PRELIMS 15% Flashcards

1
Q

If there is a presence of ingested red blood cells, the E. histolytica is an?

A

invasive type

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2
Q

Infective stage of Amoebiasis

A

CYST

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3
Q
  • Abdominal wall through rupture or open drainage of hepatic lesion
  • Perianal or colostomy area

AMOEBIASIS ______

A

AMOEBIASIS CUTIS

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4
Q

AMOEBIC ___________
* Involvement of recto-sigmoid region causes frank dysentery.

A

AMOEBIC DYSENTERY

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5
Q

AMOEBIASIS _______
* Edematous elevation of skin
* Irregular margin of spreading ulcer

A

CUTIS

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6
Q

TROPHOZOITE of//?

  • Cytoplasm is “dirty-looking” due to plenty of vacuoles that
    contain ingested food particles as well as bacteria.
A

entamoeba coli

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7
Q

Motility of entamoeba coli TROPHOZOITE

A

SLUGGISH AND NONDIRECTIONAL WHEN ALIVE

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8
Q

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTIC OF ENTABOEBA COLI CYST

A

MULTIPLE PROMINENT NUCLEI

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9
Q

'’SMALL RACE”

A

ENTAMOEBA HARTMANI

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10
Q

MOTILITY OF E. HARTMANI IN TROPHOZOITE FORM

A

SLUGGISH AND SLIGHTLY DIRECTIONAL

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11
Q

DIAGNOSTIC FEATURE OF E. HARTMANI CYST

A

RICE-GRAINED CHROMOTOIDAL BODIES

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12
Q

ENDOLIMAX NANA MOTILITY IN TROPHOZOITE FORM

A

“sluglike” motility

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13
Q

DIAGNOSTIC FEATURE OF ENDOLIMAX NANA CYST

A

CROSS-EYED APPEARANCE OF THE 22 ADJACENT NUCLEI

COMMA-SHAPED CHROMOTOIDAL BODIES

GROUND GLASS CYTOPLASM

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14
Q

Its trophozoite form has a Cytoplasm with a large pinkish glycogen mass that is about
½ or 1/3rd of the size of the organism.

A

iodamoeba butschili

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15
Q

LARGE GLYCOGEN MASS ALMOST OCCUPYING THE SIZE OF THE ORGANISM is the diagnostic characteristic of?

A

iodamoeba butschili in CYST form

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16
Q

_________ causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).

A

Naegleria fowleri

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17
Q
  • Also known as the brain-eating amoeba.
  • This amoeba is commonly found in warm freshwater and soil.
A

NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

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18
Q

The recommended treatment for Naegleria infection is a
combination of ?

A

AMPHOTERICIN B and MILTEFOSINE

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19
Q

They are also obtained from Jacuzzis, air-conditioning and ventilating units, dialysis machines, and even contact lens.

A

ACANTHAMOEBA SPECIES

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20
Q

Cyst: is double walled with polyhedral or stellate endocyst
and wrinkled ectocyst.

ACANTHAMOEBA ___________

A

ACANTHAMOEBA POLYPHAGA

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21
Q

Cyst: biconcave in shape with a folded ectocyst and stellate
endocyst.

ACANTHAMOEBA ___________

A

A. ASTRONYXIS

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22
Q

A. polyphaga and A. hatchetti were found in cases of ??

A

EYE INFECTIONS ONLY

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23
Q

How many stool samples should be collected when following the
typical O&P collection protocol?

A

3

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24
Q

the ratio of fixative to stool specimens

A

3:1

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25
Q

All-purpose fixative for the recovery of protozoa and
helminths

A

FORMALIN

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26
Q

Comprised of a plastic powder that act as an adhesive for
stool specimen when preparing slide for staining.

A

POLYVINYL ALCOHOL

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27
Q
  • Can be sued for performing conc techniques and permanent
    stained smear.
  • Only requires single vial and it is mercury free
A

SODIUM ACETATE FORMALIN

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28
Q
  • Free of formalin and mercury
  • Can be sued for conc techniques and
    permanent stained smears.
A

ALTERNATIVE SINGLE-VIAL SYSTEM

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29
Q

Diagnostic stages of parasites
detected microscopically are measured in units known as
??

30
Q

Also known as direct well mount.

A

DIRECT WET PREPARATION

31
Q
  • May be made to enhance the detail of the protozoan cysts.
  • Lugol’s or D’Antoni’s formula (drop of iodine)
  • It destroy the TROPHOZOITES stages of protozoan.
A

DIRECT WET IODINE PREPARATION

32
Q

clearing solution in KATO THICK SMEAR

33
Q

used to give color to the cellophane in
order to give a pale green bg to the eggs and to minimize the
brightness of the microscopic field

A

MALACHITE GREEN

34
Q
  • Useful in detecting eggs with thick shells such as Ascaris
    and Trichuris.
  • Not eggs with thin shells (hookworm)
A

KATO-THICK SMEAR

35
Q

Reagents:
o 40% HCl
o Ether

A

ACID ETHER CONC TECHNIQUE

36
Q
  • Most widely used sedimentation techniique.
  • Based on specific gravity
A

FROMALIN-ETHY ACETATE SEDIMENTATION PROCEDURE

37
Q

The direct wet preparation can be eliminated from the O&P
examination if the specimen is received in fixative.

TRU OR FOLZ

38
Q

Useul for the recovery of both helminth eggs and protozoan
cysts.
* Makes use of 10% formalin which is all purpose fixative

A

FORMALIN ETHER CONCENTRATION

39
Q

Zinc sulfate with a specific gravity of ???

A

1.18 to 1.20

40
Q
  • Is considered as the BEST for the recovery of coccidian oocysts,
    mainly Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora and Isospora.
A

SHEATHER’S SIGAR FLOATION

41
Q

Boiled sugar solution preserved with phenol is used in this
method.

A

SHEATHER’S SIGAR FLOATION

42
Q
  • Time-consuming
  • Excellent morphology of the intestinal protozoa.
A

IRON HEMATOXYLIN

43
Q
  • Most widely used permanent stain
  • It uses reagents with a relatively long shelf life and the procedure is easy
    to perform
A

WHEATLY TRICHOLME

44
Q
  • Use of a saturated table salt solution.
A

BRINE FLOTATION

45
Q
  • Positive stools are mixed with moistened soil or granulated
    charcoal.

BAERMANN TECHNIQUE

A

COPRO CULTURE

46
Q

Consistency of the stool is the main determinant for the
sensitivity of this technique.

Used for assessing the intensity of infection in
Schistosomiasis and common soil transmitted
helminthiases

A

KATO KATZA METHOD

47
Q

STOOL DILUENT IN STOLL EGG COUNT IS

A

SODIUM HYDROXIDE

48
Q
  • Is the specimen of choice for the detection of Enteriobius
    vermicularis (pinworm) eggs.
  • Otherwise known as the Graham technique
A

CELLOPHANE TAPE PREPARATION

49
Q
  • A gelatin capsule that contains a coiled length of yarn should be
    swallowed by the patient.
A

DUODENAL MATERIAL

50
Q

Blood parasites that may be recovered in the blood:
▪ L___________
▪ Trypanosoma spp.
▪ P________
▪ Babeisa spp.
▪ M________

A

▪ Leishmania donovani
▪ Trypanosoma spp.
▪ Plasmodium
▪ Babeisa spp.
▪ Microfilaria

51
Q

most useful in species identification of malarial
parasites.

A

THIN SMEARS

52
Q

used in the demonstration of microfilariae and
rapid diagnosis of malarial infection.

A

THICK SMEARS

53
Q

o Considered the preferred stain because it allows for the detection of parasite detail necessary for species identification

o May be prepared from powder or may be commercially purchased a conc stock solution.

A

GIEMSA STAIN

54
Q

Makes use of a capillary tube which is precoated with acridine
orange and potassium oxalate.

A

QUANTITATIVE BUFFY COAT

55
Q

Designed to concentrate blood specimens suspected of
containing low number of microfilariae

A

KNOTT’S CONCENTRATION

56
Q
  • Also useful when the density of microfilariae is low.
  • Make use of syringe attached to a Swinney filter holder
A

MEMBRANE FILTRATION

57
Q

is an examples of culture
medium designed for the recovery of Leishmania spp. and
Trypanosoma cruzi

A

NOVY-MACNEAL-NICOLLE

58
Q

Thick blood smears for malaria are recommended for species
identification?

T OR F

59
Q

Produces antibodies that can cause
precipitation reaction on the eggs of
the parasites

A

CIRCUMOVAL PRECIPITIM TEST

60
Q

RETRACTED CYTOPLASM IS A DIAGNOSTIC FEATURE OF

A

GIARDIA DUODENALIS CYST

61
Q

“OLD MAN WITH EYE-GLASSES APPEARANCE” CAN BE SEEN IN

A

GIARDIA DUODENALIS TROPHOZOITE

62
Q

giardiasis causes traveler’s diarrhea and
called as ?

A

“Leningrad’s curse”

63
Q

Cytoplasm is filled with numerous siderophile
granules (diagnostic) is present in

A

TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS TROPHOZOITE

64
Q

It exists both in cyst and trophozoite form, however it is often
found solely as a trophozoite.

A

DIENTAMOEBA FRAGILIS

64
Q

Round, ovoid, or shaped like a torpedo (referred as torpedo
form), singly nucleated, non-flagellate, with prominent
kinetoplast and axoneme.

A

AMASTIGOTE

64
Q

Elongated with pointed ends, singly nucleated, with
prominent kinetoplast and axoneme with anterior flagellum.

A

PROMASTIGOTE

65
Q

An intracellular parasite that cause the disease
leishmaniasis, Kala-azar, death fever and Dum-dum fever

A

LEISHMANIA DONOVANI

66
Q

It is intracellular and non-motile form because
it lacks external flagellum.

A

AMASTIGOTES

67
Q

Chagas disease can be treated with benznidazole and
_____________

A

nifurtimox

PARASITOLOGY (5 decks)

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