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Botanical Materia Medica I > Week 1 - Part 2 > Flashcards

Week 1 - Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Herbalist

A
  • Medicinal actions
  • Herbal energetics
  • Therapeutic indications
  • Organ systems
  • Constituents
  • Dosage
  • Preparations
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2
Q

Physician

A
  • Knowledge of biomedical sciences
  • Approach to the patient
  • Diagnosis
  • Disease management
  • Herb, nutrient, drug interactions
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3
Q

Botanist

A
  • Plants in their natural habitat
  • Physical characteristics of the plant
  • Relationship of plants in families
  • Latin binomial: genus and species
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4
Q

Latin Binomial

A
  • Genus is listed first and is capitalized
  • Species is listed second and is lower case
  • Examples: Echinacea angustifolia; Ginkgo biloba
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5
Q

Major Medicinal Plant Families

A
  • Alliaceae
  • Apiaceae
  • Araliaceae
  • Asphodelaceae
  • Asteraceae
  • Fabaceae (ex. alfalfa)
  • Gingkoaceae (ex. Ginkgo biloba)
  • Hypericaceae
  • Lamiaceae
  • Liliaceae
  • Palmaceae
  • Papaveraceae
  • Pinaceae
  • Piperaceae
  • Poaceae
  • Rhamnaceae
  • Rosaceae
  • Rubiaceae
  • Rutaceae
  • Solanaceae
  • Urticaceae
  • Zingiberaceae
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6
Q

Plant Morphology

A
  • Refers to the shape of the plant and plant parts, such as the type of leaf, parts of the flower, etc.
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7
Q

Plant Anatomy

A
  • Refers to the parts of the cells of plants
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8
Q

Plant Physiology

A
  • Refers to the molecular processes of the plant
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9
Q

Constituents

A
  • Chemical compounds that are naturally occurring within each herb
  • Thousands of constituents within each herb
  • Some constituents are common to many herbs

Ex - berberine

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10
Q

Alterative

A
  • A gentle nutritive eliminative agent that alters function gradually towards health
  • Slow-acting cleanser
  • Nourishing qualities that help digestion and elimination
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11
Q

Analgesic

A
  • Diminishes pain

- Interchangeable with “anodyne”

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12
Q

Anodyne

A
  • Relieves pain

- Interchangeable with “analgesic”

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13
Q

Anthelminthic

A
  • Expels/destroys intestinal helminths (worms)
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14
Q

Antibiotic

A
  • Destroys or arrests the growth of bacteria or protozoa
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15
Q

Antiemetic

A
  • Relieves nausea and vomiting
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16
Q

Antipyretic

A
  • Prevents or reduces fever
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17
Q

Antiseptic

A
  • Inhibits the growth of bacteria
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18
Q

Antispasmodic

A
  • Reduces the intensity of spasticity, tremor, or cramps
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19
Q

Antitussive

A
  • Relieves coughing
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20
Q

Aperient

A
  • Gentle stimulation to the bowels

- Mild laxative

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21
Q

Aphrodisiac

A
  • Stimulates sexual desire or arousal
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22
Q

Astringent

A
  • Contracts tissue, reducing bleeding or fluid exudate
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23
Q

Balsam

A
  • Healing or soothing agent

- Usually made from a tree resin

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24
Q

Bitter

A
  • Stimulates gastric, pancreatic, and gallbladder juices as well as motility due to its bitter taste
25
Q

Cardiac

A
  • Exerts and effect on the heart
26
Q

Carminative

A
  • Soothes digestive upset and helps to expel gas
27
Q

Cathartic

A
  • Very strong laxative
28
Q

Cholagogue

A
  • Increases the flow of bile into the intestines
29
Q

Choleretic

A
  • Increases the production of bile
30
Q

Corringent

A
  • A substance added to modify a medicinal preparation, usually by adding flavor
31
Q

Demulcent

A
  • A mucilaginous substance the soothes tissue, particularly mucous membranes
32
Q

Depurative

A
  • Cleanses and purifies the system, particularly the blood
33
Q

Diaphoretic

A
  • Promotes perspiration
34
Q

Diuretic

A
  • Increases the output of urine
35
Q

Emetic

A
  • Induces vomiting
36
Q

Emmenagogue

A
  • Promotes menstrual flow
37
Q

Emolient

A
  • Moisturizes the skin
38
Q

Expectorant

A
  • Promotes discharge of mucous from the lungs
39
Q

Galactogogue

A
  • Activity of the production of milk by the mammary glands
40
Q

Hemostatic

A
  • Stops bleeding
41
Q

Hypnotic

A
  • Promotes sleep
42
Q

Hepatic

A
  • Affects the liver
43
Q

Laxative

A
  • Promotes defecation
44
Q

Narcotic

A
  • Relieves pain and induces sleep (generally has higher toxicity)
  • Now, “narcotic” refers specifically to opioids
45
Q

Nervine

A
  • Calming or soothing to the nerves
46
Q

Purgative

A
  • Strong laxative
47
Q

Restorative

A
  • Restores normal physiological activity
48
Q

Rubefacient

A
  • Local irritant that increases circulation, and, thus, erythema
49
Q

Sedative

A
  • Calming to the nerves with reduced alertness
50
Q

Stimulant

A
  • Enhances a physiologic process
51
Q

Stomachic

A
  • Has an effect on the function of the stomach
52
Q

Styptic

A
  • Astringent that stops bleeding
53
Q

Tonic

A
  • Strengthens an organ, organ system, or the whole organism
54
Q

Vermicide

A
  • Destroys helminths
55
Q

Vermifuge

A
  • Stimulates the expulsion of helminths
56
Q

Vulnerary

A
  • Heals wounds
57
Q

Specific Therapeutic Indications

A
  • Qualities of a remedy that separate it from others in its class of medicinal actions
  • Describe the symptom picture for which that remedy is most indicated
58
Q

Doctrine of Signatures

A
  • Concept that the physical characteristics of a plant are related to their medicinal action

Ex - The yellow flower of Cheladonium majus relates to the yellow color of bile, thus indicating its use as a cholegogue
> Does not mean that all plants with yellow flowers are related to bile

59
Q

Organoleptics

A
  • Technique using the senses to evaluate and herb for taste, smell, appearance, texture, energetics, quality, and identity

Botanical Materia Medica I (17 decks)

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