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Baz Y2 Semester 1 > Week 1 Neurology Intro Sessions > Flashcards

Week 1 Neurology Intro Sessions Flashcards

1
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12
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13
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Frontal lobe functions

Bonus: specific areas for motor control

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14
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5 functions of the parietal lobe

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15
Q

Both the frontal and parietal lobes are involved with speech. Which does what with regards to speech?

A

Frontal: speech output ( think motor function )
Parietal: speech input

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16
Q

The dominant and non-dominant parietal lodes have slightly different functions, what are these?

A

Dominant: language
Non-dominant: spatial awareness and orientation

17
Q

Signs of a parietal lobe lesion

A

Contralateral hemisensory loss

Dominant: dysphasia, acalculia

Non-dominant: spatial disorientation on contralateral side, construction/ dressing apraxia

18
Q

6 functions of the temporal lobe

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19
Q

What part of the brain is this virus affecting?

A

Temporal: we know it’s temporal and not frontal because the eyes can be seen at this level in the scan

20
Q

7 Effects of a temporal lobe lesion

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21
Q

Functions of the occipital lobe

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22
Q

Signs of a temporal lobe lesion

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Visual problems/ hallucinations

23
Q

Briefly describe the order of the body parts of the homunculus

A

Foot
Leg
Torso plus head
Arm
Hand
Face
Tongue

24
Q

Hypothalamus function

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Homeostasis

25
Q

Medulla function

A

Subconscious breathing

26
Q

Rough order of the anatomy of the brainstem

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27
Q

Cerebellum function and effect of lesion

A
  • Fine tunes coordination of movement from cortex inc. speech
  • involved and planning and learning of skilled movements

Lesions present with incoordination in the same side, an inability to produce rapid and accurate movements, distance of targets misjudged, target accuracy decreases as gets closer, characteristic ataxic gait

28
Q

How many of each type of spinal chord nerves are there

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29
Q

Describe the life cycle of CSF: production, flow, reabsorption

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30
Q

How much CSF is there?

A

125ml

31
Q

How much CSF is produced each day?

A

500ml

32
Q

5 Functions of the CSF

A
  1. Buoyancy
  2. Protection
  3. Perfusion control, amount of CSF is proportional to pressure within the cranium, by decreasing the pressure in the cranium this increases perfusion
  4. Homeostasis
  5. Clearing waste
33
Q

When taking a lumber puncture what normal pressure ranges should you expect?

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34
Q

What are the features and causes of high ICP (intra cranial pressure)

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35
Q

What are the features and causes of low IPC (intra cranial pressure)

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36
Q

A 15-year-old boy is brought into the GP after a strange experience. He reported that he felt an overwhelming sensation of fear, felt sick in his stomach, felt his heart going very fast, and heard a laughing sound. His mother noticed him go very white. He did not lose consciousness or feel dizzy. The episode lasted for a minute and a half, after which he was left confused and with a strange feeling of deja vu.

What is the most likely cause of this experience?

A

Focal temporal lobe seizure

The correct answer is focal temporal lobe seizure. Temporal lobe seizures are characterised by hallucinations, such as this boy’s perceptions of fear, epigastric discomfort, tachycardia, and hearing laughter. His colour change, noted by his mother, and feeling of confusion and deja vu following the episode, is also characteristic of temporal lobe seizures.

37
Q

A 68-year-old man attends his general practitioner with a two month history of difficulty with speech. He reports that he has had difficulty in generating speech and often struggles to find words but no difficulty in understanding verbal or written language.

A CT head is performed to determine the aetiology of his symptoms.

What is this called?

Where would you expect to find a lesion given this man’s symptoms?

A

Broca’s aphasia

Left inferior frontal gyrus

38
Q

A 22-year-old man is brought to the Emergency Department following a motorcycle accident. He has sustained a severe head injury, and a subsequent CT scan of the head shows a significant midline shift along with a large subdural haematoma. The neurosurgery team indicates that the bleeding exerts pressure on the structure that typically divides the cerebral hemispheres.

What structure is being referred to by the neurosurgery team?

A

Falx cerebri

The falx cerebri is a prominent, sickle-shaped fold of dura mater that descends within the longitudinal fissure, separating the two cerebral hemispheres.

Baz Y2 Semester 1 (4 decks)

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